QUANTUM-RESISTANT HYBRID AUTHENTICATION AND REVOCATION FORMULTI-ENTITYV2X NETWORKS ANOMALY DETECTION

Abstract

The rapid emergence of quantum computing threatens classical vehicular cryptogra phy and creates a “Harvest Now, Decrypt Later” risk for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems. DHPQHA-SVN (Distributed Hash and Post-Quantum Hybrid Authentication for Secure Vehicular Networks) is a hybrid authentication and revocation framework that combines Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) with the lattice-based Kyber-768 KEM to provide quantum-resistant session keys while preserving backward compati bility with existing PKI [1, 2]. The protocol supports multi-entity authentication across vehicles, roadside units (RSUs), central servers (CS), and misbehavior authorities (MA), and preserves privacy via dynamic pseudonym rotation and a distributed revocation ar chitecture built from DHTs and optimized multi-layer Bloom filters [3, 4, 5]. DHPQHA-SVN is formally verified and practically evaluated: Security claims of the protocol are confirmed by symbolic verification with Scyther under an extended Dolev-Yao model, and session-key indistinguishability is confirmed under the Real-or Random model, both in the classical and quantum adversarial settings. Revocation stor age is small– per-RSU filters are approximately 1.25 KB– and the multi-layer Bloom configuration results in a very small probability of false positive, of around 0.024%, which is much less than what is achieved with conventional CRL/Bloom approach. DHPQHA-SVN delivers quantum resistance, full formal verification, scalable re vocation and is practical to deploy, making it a migration path towards the next gen eration of vehicular networks according to IEEE 1609.2 and ETSI ITS standards. The design features defense-in-depth (hybrid keys), privacy (pseudonym management) and operational feasibility on automotive hardware, and is a potential design framework for secure, future-proof intelligent transportation systems.