DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THERMAL RUNAWAY CHAMBER FOR TESTING AND INVESTIGATION OF HAZARDOUS GASES AND SAFETY OF LI-ION BATTERIES.

Abstract

Li-ion batteries are widely utilised in EVs and portable devices due to their ability to store significant energy and their longevity. If they overheat, they can become very hazardous and may ignite or burst. This research examines the reasons Li-ion batteries overheat and the impact on their performance. It also examines methods to prevent failures of Li-ion batteries. The study revealed that overcharging Li-ion batteries, short circuits, and elevated temperatures are key factors contributing to the failure of Li-ion batteries. Employing systems to cool Li-ion batteries and overseeing them with Battery Management Systems can significantly enhance the safety and reliability of Li-ion batteries. These systems are capable of detecting issues remotely. We must continue to develop technology to ensure that lithium-ion batteries are environmentally safe. Li ion batteries hold significant importance. The findings indicate that excessive heat in Li-ion batteries may trigger a chain reaction leading to a fire or explosion. This happens when the Solid Electrolyte Interphase degrades, causing the electrolyte, the separator, and the cathode to be damaged. As a result, the temperature of the cell can increase up to 200-300 °C. Also, according to the research, the use of thermal management strategies will help decrease the temperature of the battery by 25-35 °C. Moreover, it should be stated that the use of artificial intelligence for monitoring purposes will enable the researcher to receive alerts 5-10 minutes before an important problem emerges. Besides, the authors have considered the potential implementation of the learning algorithms GRU-RNN and BiGRU-RNN for monitoring the state of Li-ion batteries. These algorithms were tested with the help of 18650 lithium-ion batteries on driving conditions. It became clear that the GRU-RNN algorithm works better than BiGRU-RNN one. Research indicates that preventing Li-ion batteries from overheating requires appropriate battery materials, effective thermal regulation, advanced BMS, and AI based monitoring techniques. Combining real-time sensing with machine learning can enhance the safety, reliability, and performance of Li-ion batteries. This can assist us in safely utilizing Li-ion batteries within electric vehicles and energy storage systems.