CHARGING OPTIMIZATION, STUDY OF LIFE CYCLE AND SUSTAINABLE RECYCLING OF BATTERIES USED IN EVs

Abstract

This project examines the life cycle of recycled lithium in electric car batteries, focusing on the recycling process and its environmental impact at different stages of its life cycle. The goal is to gain insight into the environmental impacts of primarily lithium, but also other valuable materials in electric car batteries, and how their extraction, use and recycling are affected by political guidelines and regulations. Different techniques for recycling battery materials are investigated, such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and direct recycling. These are then compared with regard to environmental impacts, efficiency and safety. The impact of policies and regulations on battery recycling is analysed, more specifically the guidelines given by the European Union within the framework of the Green Deal. Also, the proposed system integrates EV charging optimization using PSO with an objective to minimize energy cost while satisfying SOC constraints. The literature studies have contributed a lot of information as there is extensive research in the area, but as many of these articles have similar perspectives, there was a lack of more nuanced studies.