COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF RCC STRUCTURES UNDER INDIAN SEISMIC CONDITION

Abstract

The increasing occurrence of earthquakes in different seismic regions has emphasized the necessity for reliable structural analysis methods in reinforced cement concrete (RCC) buildings. This study presents a comparative evaluation of static and dynamic analysis techniques for RCC structures under Indian seismic conditions. The goal of the research is to explore the structural behavior, seismic performance, and response characteristics of RCC buildings when subjected to earthquake forces as specified in Indian seismic design provisions, primarily based on Bureau of Indian Standards code recommendations such as IS 1893 and IS 456. In this research, multi-storey RCC structures are modeled and analyzed using ETABS. Pushover analysis and time history analysis, are used to assess the seismic response of the structures. Important response parameters such as storey displacement, storey drift, base shear, are compared for seismic zones IV . This dissertation presents a detailed comparative study of the pushover analysis of RCC structures with rigid joints under Indian seismic conditions. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate, compare, and interpret the nonlinear seismic behavior of multistorey RCC buildings by considering key performance parameters such as base shear, terrace displacement. The buildings are designed in accordance with the provisions of IS 456:2000 for reinforced concrete design and IS 1893 (Part 1):2016 for earthquake-resistant design of structures. The seismic performance is assessed using the concepts of performance-based seismic design as defined in international guidelines such as FEMA 356 and ATC-40. For the purpose of analysis, three-dimensional numerical models of RCC buildings are developed using ETABS software. Gravity loads and seismic loads are applied as per Indian Standard codes. Nonlinear hinge properties are assigned to beams and columns to simulate realistic material behavior under increasing lateral loads. The pushover analysis is carried out by applying incremental lateral load patterns in both principal horizontal directions until the target displacement or collapse mechanism is achieved. A comparative assessment of different structural configurations is performed to investigate their influence on seismic behavior. The study highlights how changes in stiffness, strength, and ductility affect the overall performance of RCC structures. Storey-wise displacement, drift ratios, and plastic hinge distribution patterns are critically examined to identify vulnerable zones and potential failure mechanisms. ix Special emphasis is placed on understanding the nonlinear response characteristics of rigid jointed RCC frames, which are extensively used in Indian construction practice. The results obtained from the analysis clearly demonstrate that PA is highly effective in capturing the progressive damage behavior and post-elastic response of RCC buildings, which cannot be adequately assessed through linear static or dynamic methods. The study reveals that the formation and progression of plastic hinges follow distinct patterns that govern the ultimate collapse mechanism of the structure. It is observed that structures designed strictly as per code provisions still exhibit significant nonlinear deformations under severe seismic excitation, emphasizing the importance of performance-based evaluation. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights into the seismic performance of RCC buildings under Indian seismic conditions and confirm the reliability of pushover analysis as a practical and efficient tool for seismic evaluation. The findings of this research are expected to assist structural engineers in identifying seismic deficiencies, improving structural configurations, and adopting safer design practices. The study also highlights the importance of incorporating nonlinear analysis procedures into routine seismic design and assessment workflows to enhance the safety, resilience, and sustainability of reinforced concrete structures in earthquake-prone regions of India.