NANOPARTICLE APPLICATIONS IN SCAFFOLD-BASED TISSUE ENGINEERING

Abstract

Tissue engineering is an emerging multi-disciplinary area that seeks to reconstruct or regenerate damaged tissues and organs by employing cells, biomaterials and bioactive molecules. Most of the traditional scaffold materials, however, are not capable of mimicking the functional and structural properties of Native Tissues., limiting their clinical applications. In this context, nanotechnology has attracted significant attention for its ability to overcome these limitations and produce new and improved biomaterials. This review provides an extensive analysis of the use, of important NPs in tissue engineering, include ceramic, Metallic and Metal oxides, carbon-based & polymer-derived nanoparticles. These materials have unique nanoscale size and large-surface area, it can induce various cellular responses such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, and facilitate the sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. The hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates used in the ceramic nanoparticles help to impart bone-like properties and mechanical strength. Gold, silver, and Fe-based nanoparticles possess a multifunctional therapeutic action and antimicrobial property. Carbon-based nanomaterials enhance the mechanical properties of the structures, as well as their interactions with cells, while polymeric nanoparticles are used to adjust the degradation rates and to efficiently deliver bioactive compounds. However, their potential benefits have not been fully realized due to their toxicity, long-term safety, and regulatory issues. There is a need for easier and safer nanoparticle systems development along with the incorporation of new manufacturing methods in future studies. Taken together, strategies based on nanoparticles could be a encouraging direction for the (TE) tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields.