ORGANIC FARMING IN INDIA: FUTURE PROSPECTS

Abstract

Organic farming is gaining momentum in India as consumers become more health- conscious and aware of environmental challenges. This study explores how organic farming is evolving in India, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which reshaped consumer attitudes toward food safety, nutrition, and sustainability. The research focuses on how consumer preferences have changed post-COVID, how these preferences affect market demand for organic produce, and whether this shift supports greater economic viability for farmers practicing organic methods. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study draws on primary survey data from over 100 consumers and 30 farmers across various regions in northern India. The consumer data highlights key themes such as increased awareness about organic food, changing consumption habits, willingness to pay premium prices, and trust in the benefits of organic farming for personal health and environmental sustainability. Notably, a significant number of respondents reported increasing their organic consumption after the COVID-19 pandemic, citing immunity and health concerns as driving factors. The study also reveals that while many consumers are enthusiastic about switching to organic, their ability to do so is often limited by high prices and limited product availability. On the production side, data collected from farmers reveals a moderate yet growing adoption of organic farming practices, with many respondents cultivating 2 to 6 acres organically. While most farmers express satisfaction with the environmental benefits and long-term prospects of organic agriculture, many also face challenges related to certification costs, lack of direct market access, and difficulty securing premium prices for their produce. Additionally, most of the farmers rely on intermediaries to sell their goods, which reduces their profit margins and distances them from health- conscious consumers who are actively seeking organic options. The research shows that organic farming in India stands at a critical crossroads. The shift in consumer awareness and demand—sparked in part by the pandemic—has opened up new opportunities for organic produce, especially in urban and semi-urban markets. However, systemic issues such as affordability, supply chain gaps, and lack of direct farmer-to-consumer linkages continue to hinder growth.