COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF FAGeI3 LEAD FREE PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS: A SCAPS -1D SIMULATION

Abstract

The environmental concerns surrounding lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have prompted the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, the potential of germanium-based perovskite, FAGeI3, is evaluated as a non-toxic, lead-free absorber material for PSCs. Utilizing SCAPS-1D simulation software, the device architecture FTO/ZnSe/FAGeI3/V2O5 achieved an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.47%. The influence of critical parameters—including the selection of charge transport layers, absorber layer thickness, defect density, electron affinity of the absorber, and operating temperature on device performance was systematically investigated. The results highlight FAGeI3 as a promising candidate for the development of high-efficiency, sustainable perovskite solar cells.