TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANLYSIS OF SMART GRID BASED RENEWABLE COMMITMENT OF DEMAND RESPONSE

Abstract

The authors of this study developed a LQR-ORT-based power sharing control scheme for three-phase inverter-based generators that use LCL filters in either grid-connected or islanding modes. While responding to transients, a LQR-ORT controller improved resilience margins and decreased control input and power error quadratic values. In order to prevent frequency and voltage fluctuations in the AC bus that do not have communications, additional loops were also used. Future system (effective) inertia, particularly during low demand conditions, might be significantly reduced with an increase in the penetration of non-synchronous generators, like as wind. In addition, the grid frequency and its rate-of-change (RoCoF) are likely to experience unacceptable big changes due to the probability of higher and more frequent in-feed losses. To prevent RoCoF-based mains protection relays from firing, which might cause cascading outages and compromise system security, it is vital to restrict RoCoF within acceptable levels. In such cases, a quick reaction from loads could be vital for the system's safe functioning. Furthermore, in order to accomplish proportionate power sharing among generators based on their rated power capacity, additional loops were used. Additionally, a synchronous reference frame model was created, which included power sharing dynamics and voltage-current (V-I) control loops. The model's stability and resilience to alterations in the LCL filter components were proved by the study of the LQR-ORT controller. By using the flexibility of certain kinds of loads, it is possible to adjust the supply voltage and frequency using either current power electronic interfaces (such as motor drives) or new ones, such as the newly proposed "Electric Spring" (ES), which might result in a quick and controllable power reserve. The usefulness of these controlled loads in contributing to inertial and/or primary frequency control as a demand response metric is shown in this thesis, which also explores the availability of quick short-term power reserve from them. 𝑖𝑣 A physical experiment was used to implement the suggested controller in both grid connected and island modes. A microgrid tested equipped with four inverter-based generators and MATLAB-based OPAL-ART real-time simulators were created for the purpose of conducting this experiment. Current findings show that the suggested model is accurate and that the LQR-ORT based demand response controller improves the islanded micro grid’s transient response, power sharing, voltage and frequency recovery, and overall effectiveness.