THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS OF UBIQUITIN PROTEASOME SYSTEM IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

Abstract

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the regulation of the cell cycle are essential mechanisms that play an indispensable part in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and integrity. Disruption of these pathways has been identified as a significant factor in the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which includes Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study thoroughly examines the therapeutic consequences of focusing on both the UPS and the disruption of the cell cycle in neurodegeneration. We analyze the complex interplay between UPS dysfunction and cell cycle irregularities, emphasizing their combined impact on neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The study investigates the molecular pathways that cause defective protein degradation, cell cycle re-entry, and abnormal expression of cell cycle proteins in NDDs. The study discusses emerging treatment approaches that focus on UPS function and regulating cell cycle activity. These approaches include pharmaceutical therapies, and the use of cell cycle inhibitors. In addition, we investigate the prospect of using combinatorial techniques to target both pathways to create synergistic neuroprotective effects. The discussion focuses on the challenges related to UPS and cell cycle-targeted medicines, including as medication selectivity, the ability to penetrate the blood- brain barrier, and the possibility for adverse effects. Promising advancements in personalized medicine strategies, therapies directed by biomarkers, and precise targeting of UPS and cell cycle components offer potential for creating of effective medicines to stop or decelerate the course of NDDs. Acquiring a more profound comprehension of the interaction between UPS and the disruption of the cell cycle in neurodegeneration is crucial for promoting therapeutic approaches and for improving patient outcomes.