ENABLING USER FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING AND DETECTION OF BLOOD FLUID LEVELS IN DIABATIC PATIENTS

Abstract

The project titled "Enabling User for Continuous Monitoring and Detection of Blood Fluid Levels" addresses the critical issue of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) through innovative solutions for continuous monitoring and early detection of blood fluid levels. DKA poses a life-threatening complication of diabetes, characterized by elevated blood ketone levels, metabolic acidosis, and dehydration. By comprehensively exploring DKA's pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management, this research aims to improve patient outcomes and enhance overall well-being. The project delves into innovative diagnostics to enhance DKA detection. Two key approaches are highlighted: non-invasive breath analysis and sensitive electrochemical sensors. Non-invasive breath analysis introduces an alternative to traditional blood tests, enabling clinicians to detect early signs of DKA by analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Portable breath analyzers facilitate convenientmonitoring at home or in clinical settings. Additionally, sensitive electrochemical sensors are investigated for accurately measuring ketone concentrations in blood samples, providing rapid results for timely intervention. Effective management of DKA necessitates practical tools for routine screening and intervention. The thesis discusses handheld blood ketone meters, enabling users to measure blood ketone levels with a small blood sample in real time. Furthermore, automated urine test strip readers are explored to interpret test strip results objectively,enhancing accuracy and reliability by eliminating subjectivity and user error. A groundbreaking contribution of this research is the development of a non invasive device for continuous monitoring. Utilizing Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) and Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) technology, the device detects ketones and glucose levels in theskin without the need for blood samples or painful procedures. Users can simply place the device on their skin, receiving real-time readings, promising improved complianceand better management of DKA. In conclusion, the thesis amalgamates scientific exploration, technological advancements, and practical solutions to enable users to monitor blood fluid levels continuously. By reducing the burden of invasive testing and enhancing early detection, it contributes to better diabetes management and overall patient well-being. v This research lays the foundation for further advancements in diabetes care, with implications for improving patient outcomes and enhancing quality of life.