EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERSTICS OF A NANO BIOFUELED CI ENGINE

Abstract

This current research aims is to investigate the impact of nanoparticles as fuel additives on engine performance and emissions. The experimental investigation was conducted on a CRDI diesel engine that was fuelled by a newly developed tertiary blend of nanoparticles, waste-cooking biofuel, and diesel while varying engine parameter. Present study was conducted into five distinct phases. In the first phase biofuel is extracted from waste cooking oil via transesterification process. As per ASTM standards, physicochemical parameters were evaluated and found to be within acceptable limits. The subsequent stage includes developing a new suitable blend, B20 (20% WCO + 80% Diesel), and testing the engine's performance and emissions. The investigation test was performed on a single-cylinder diesel engine fuelled by B20 under a steady speed of 1500rpm and various loads. Experiment results revels that, compared to D100, the engine's BTE increased and its SFC decreased. As far as emissions, B20 mix decreased engine emissions like CO2, HC, and CO than D100, except for NOX. The third phase consists of the utilization of metallic nanopartcile as a fuel additive to boost engine performance and emissions. Al2O3 nanoparticle was selected as fuel additives to improve engine performance and emissions. After that, using an ultrasonicator, Al2O3 was mixed in B20 at the distinct proportions of 25, 50, and 100 ppm, respectively, and new ternary blends are developed: B20 + 25Al2O3, B20 + 50Al2O3, and B20 + 100Al2O3. The experiment test was performed on a CRDI engine fuelled by Diesel, B20, B20 + 25Al2O3, B20+50Al2O3, and B20 +100Al2O3 samples at a steady speed of 1500 rpm and different engine loads to

Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Nano Biofueled CI Page v evaluate engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. The test result depicts that BTE extensively improved by 13.53% and SFC reduced by 20.93% for B20 +100Al2O3 than B20 at full load. The emission characteristics, for example, CO, and HC were altogether decreased with the mixing of nanoparticles in the correlation of B20 and D100 yet there is a slight increment in NOx emissions than B20 and D100. Higher peak points in CPmax and HRRmax reached for B20 +100Al2O3 because of reduced ignition delay than that of B20 and D100. In the fourth stage, two different nanoparticles were compared as fuel additives to investigate their impact on engine emissions and performance. Two distinct metal-based nanoparticles cerium oxide (CeO2) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) were blended in B20 in different proportions. An ultrasonication procedure was used to homogenously mix the nanoparticles with a B20 fuel in mass fractions of 50 and 100 ppm. The developed nanoparticle fuel samples were designated as (B20+50 Al2O3, B20+100 Al2O3, B20+50 CeO2, B20+100 CeO2). The CRDI engine was run at a constant speed with four different engine loads: 3kg, 6kg, 9kg, and 12kg. The result showed that the presence of Al2O3 in the blended fuel improved the BTE by 11.39%, reduced the SFC by 13.74%, and increased the cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) by 16.77% and 21.48% respectively compared to B20 fuel at peak load condition. Regarding harmful emissions, CO emissions decreased by 15.06% for B20+50 Al2O3 than B20 and HC emissions decreased by 50% for B20+50 CeO2 than diesel at peak load. Further, NOx is reduced by 18.29 % for B20+50 CeO2 than B20 at peak loads. In the last stage, newly developed waste cooking biodiesel (B20) with nanoparticles (Al2O3) was tested to optimize the response of a CRDI single-cylinder four-stroke VCR

Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Nano Biofueled CI Page vi engine at various input parameters. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the impact of various input parameters, such as injection pressure (IP), load, compression ratio (CR), and nanoparticle concentration as fuel additives on engine responses, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE), specific fuel consumption (SFC), carbon dioxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxide of nitrogen (NOX) emissions. The RSM found the best suitable value of all input parameters at which the engine produced maximum performance and minimum emissions. Accordingly, the optimal setting of all input parameters was identified as a nano biofuel blend ratio of 1.10, IP of 656 bars, CR of 18.50, and a load of 7.10 kg. At this combination of input parameters, the optimal BTE, SFC, CO, HC, and NOx are 23.6%, 0.3461 kg/kWh, 0.0281%, 25.3756 ppm, and 536.41 ppm respectively. The predicted optimum value from RSM is compared with the experimental value for validity and found a fair agreement.