HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Abstract

Any industry's performance is determined on how they detect hazards, analyse the risks associated with them, and reduce them. that associated risk to a tolerable level which can either be further brought down or it is so low that it can be ignored. If we talk about the construction industry in particular, it involves various procedural activities and complexity of the system and machinery involved always have some amount of the Hazard associated with it. Of all the occupational accidents happening in India, the construction industry alone constitutes about 24% of the total fatality (Patel & Jha, 2016). Therefore, the EHS leader should fully understand Zero Harm Vision's philosophy and encourage others to behave safely and respect the environment. Must be able to identify the link between excellent safety and good business operations, as well as be up to date on industry standards. They must be able to communicate and display leadership at all levels of the organisation, as well as be committed to taking action at all times. First element for observing safety at site begins with good leadership and commitment leaders must encourage and demonstrate safety commitment, excellence and leadership by example. The second factor is risk control. Firstly, identification of risk takes place such as, working on height, vehicles, plants and machinery, tunnel, excavation, form-work, lifting operation, working in confined spaces, electrical work, working near public places and hot work. The third factor is setting goals and objectives that must be measurable, achievable, and appropriate and must be timely. The fourth aspect is training and skills that include assessment of training needs and periodic training for all employees. Toolbox speaks to be done to create awareness about the safety procedure and to discuss strategies to avoid incidents and follow safe practices. Stakeholder engagement is the fifth and final elements. The sixth step is inspection, followed by internal and external audits in addition to that there's also a monthly safety meeting, a safety notice board, and a newsletter. The final elements is the review and modification of existing control measures for better sand safe workplace. Risk management has many stages namely Classification of work activities involving hazard, Identification of hazard in each activity, Identification of Risk, Assessment of Risk, Control measures, Elimination of Risk by redesign/ change or process, Control measures- use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Monitoring. There is a hierarchy of control measures adopted i.e. the process of elimination, substitution, followed by engineering and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment of a Construction Project v administrative control and at last Personal protective equipment. As the part of this project, Hazard Identification and Risk assessment of process involved in the building construction project of S-Block Delhi High Court have been carried out. Then to calculate the risk rating based on the semi quantitative risk matrix, and to compare the risk rating before and after applying the control measures. Then a statistical analysis was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the control measures implemented. Hazard identification and risk assessment may be used to set priorities so that the most dangerous scenarios are handled first, followed by those that are less likely to occur and create severe issues. In this study Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Process was carried out and it was found that out of total identified hazards, 39% were of high risks, 53% of the hazards were of moderate risk rating whereas, critical risk was about 2%. And after applying the control measures, these risks were significantly brought down to moderate and low risks. For this study actual site observation was collected along with the indicators (Leading & Lagging), work force engagement by communicating with them about their work environment and soliciting their feedback on potential health risks, working hours, and other potential dangers. Reviewing of documents such as the first aid report, safety observation, checklist for work permit, site audit reports, Department Procedure Manual (DPM), Work Instruction, and laid out Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and comparing it with the field practice.