SOME STUDIES ON EVALUATION OF COMBUSTION, PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF QUATERNARY BLENDS IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

Abstract

Energy is an important factor in the growth of the world economy. Liquid fuel is the key resource for supplying current energy demand. The present study envisages biodiesel as a promising substitute for conventional petroleum-derived fuels. The need for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in India is mandated by the vulnerability of crude oil prices, climate change concerns, and the need for the growing economy to use its resources suitably. It can readily meet India's goal of producing biodiesel because of its enormous abundance. In the present research work the waste cooing oil was converted to bio-diesel like fuel by using the trans-esterification process and prepared its test fuel blends with orange peel oil, n-butanol and diesel and the experiments were carried out on a CI engine to study the test fuel on its combustion, performance and emission characteristics. The aimed research work carried out in three phases. In the first phase the biodiesel was obtained by the trans-esterification process. Due to the selection of process parameters such are reaction temperature, reaction time agitation speed, catalyst concentration, and molar ratio; it was difficult to use the value to increase its yield as well as physico-chemical properties. So that, to optimize these Response Surface Methodology tool. The alcohol-oil MR, CC, RT, R Temp, and agitation speed as input variables, while yield, CV, FP, KV, and PP are the necessary responses. The central composite design (CCRD), was used to evaluate the RSM analysis for the optimization process. The axial and factorial points in the design of the experimental runs are involved in the five-level CCRD experimental model. As observed in Table 3.3, these variables ranged at five different levels (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2). It gave favorable results of bio-diesel Page | VI Studies on Evaluation of Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Quaternary Blends in Compression Ignition Engine production (98.95%), viscosity (5.48 cSt), calorific value (45.68 MJ/kg), flash point (169.250C), and pour point (-2.120C). The RSM optimization tool provided the error percentage range from 1% to 7%. The response showed a confidence level of 95%. The four blends were prepared with waste cooking oil biodiesel with kept the fraction of 5% fixed, orange peel oil (3%-21%), n-butanol (2%-14%), and the remaining fraction of pure diesel and evaluate the physico chemical properties in second phase. The four blends are named O3B2, O9B6, O15B10 and O21B14. The physico-chemical properties e.g. calorific value, viscosity, density, flash point, cloud point, pour point, micro-carbon residue, sulphur content was tested on equipment according to the ASTM standards. The test fuel characterization was conducted to identify the sauter mean diameter and sauter mean surface area. The characterization study help to study about the combustion characteristic of fuel. All the tests were conducted in CASARE Lab, Delhi Technological University, Delhi. All the evaluated properties were found accepted for use in the CI engine. These blends were subsequently used in an air-cooled, single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine to evaluate performance, emission, and combustion characteristics. The engine tests were carried out in third phase of research work as per IS:10000. The performance study of these blends on a single-cylinder, air-cooled compression ignition engine was found satisfactory. The brake thermal efficiency in comparison to baseline diesel, the BTE for O3B2, O9B6, O15B10, and O21B14 are 21.99%, 22.09%, 22.31%, and 22.49%, respectively,. It was also found that BSEC were 4.10%, 8.16%, 12.27%, and 18.44%, for O3B2, O9B6, O15B10, and O21B14, respectively.