EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF STAR POLYMER TAGGED WITH siRNA FOR LUNG CANCER TREATMENT

Abstract

Lung cancer remains one of the most common and harmful forms of cancer worldwide, making it critical to explore new treatment strategies that can improve patient outcomes. One of the most promising approaches in this field is the development of nanoparticle-based therapies, particularly those utilising star polymer-siRNA nanoparticles. These nanoparticles represent a revolutionary platform for targeted drug delivery in lung cancer treatment. Star polymer-siRNA nanoparticles are particularly advantageous due to their enhanced stability, controlled release, and biocompatibility, which make them ideal candidates for delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules that aim to silence specific genes involved in cancer progression. The creation of star polymer-siRNA nanoparticles begins with an extensive bioinformatics analysis of the genomic and molecular data. This analysis is crucial for identifying unique molecular targets within the cancer cells, enabling researchers to understand the specific genetic mutations and molecular pathways driving the patient's cancer. By pinpointing these specific targets, custom siRNA sequences can be designed to silence oncogenes or other genes critical for cancer cell survival and growth. Once the specific molecular targets are identified, custom siRNA sequences are developed and encapsulated within star polymer nanoparticles. The star-shaped structure of these polymers not only provides stability to the siRNA, protecting it from degradation in the bloodstream, but also ensures controlled release, so the siRNA remains intact until it reaches the target cells. This structural integrity is vital for the effectiveness of the therapy, as it ensures that the siRNA molecules are delivered precisely where they are needed most. To further enhance the precision of the delivery, these nanoparticles are functionalized with targeting ligands. These substances are known as ligands, and they have the ability to selectively attach to receptors that are overexpressed on the exterior of cancer cells. With the help of this targeting mechanism, the nanoparticles are

guaranteed to specifically target cancer cells, minimising any negative effects on healthy tissues and lowering the possibility of adverse reactions. One important benefit of this strategy is that it targets cancer cells precisely, which increases the therapeutic agent's potency and delivers it straight to the tumour site for maximum treatment effectiveness. Upon reaching the cancer cells, the star polymer-siRNA nanoparticles are internalised through a process known as endocytosis. After entering the cell, the siRNA enters into the cytoplasm, where it engages in interactions with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Guided by the siRNA, the RISC binds to mRNA of the target gene, leading to its degradation and effectively silencing the gene. This process inhibits the production of proteins essential for tumor growth and survival, allowing these nanoparticles to significantly suppress tumor growth and potentially overcome mechanisms of drug resistance. To maximize the therapeutic benefits of this approach, it is essential to monitor the treatment response in real time. Using patient-specific biomarkers, clinicians can track how the cancer responds to the therapy and make necessary adjustments. This adaptive approach allows for modifications in the siRNA sequences or dosing regimens based on the patient's response, optimizing the treatment and enhancing its efficacy. Real-time monitoring also enables the identification of any emerging resistance mechanisms, allowing for prompt intervention and adjustment of the therapeutic strategy. The development of star polymer siRNA nanoparticles represents a significant advancement in lung cancer therapy. By integrating bioinformatics for precise target identification, designing custom siRNA sequences, and utilising star polymer nanoparticles for targeted delivery, this approach offers a highly specific and effective treatment modality. The ability to selectively inhibit oncogenic pathways, suppress tumor growth, and overcome drug resistance mechanisms positions these personalized nanoparticles as a promising strategy in the fight against lung cancer. Incorporating real-time monitoring and adaptive therapy further enhances their potential, promising improved patient outcomes and paving the way for more tailored and effective cancer treatments.

The application of star polymer-siRNA nanoparticles holds great promise for revolutionising lung cancer therapy and enhancing the quality of life for patients dealing with this difficult disease as research and development in this field continue. The combination of state-of-the-art materials science, molecular biology, and bioinformatics approaches is about to transform the treatment of lung cancer and provide hope for more potent, individualised, and less toxic treatments. Through the utilisation of siRNA molecules' specificity and the distinct qualities of star polymers, tailored nanoparticles can effectively suppress tumour growth, inhibit cancerous pathways, and circumvent drug resistance mechanisms. This multi-faceted approach, combining targeted delivery, real-time monitoring, and adaptive therapy, represents a significant step forward in the ongoing battle against lung cancer, offering the potential for greatly improved patient outcomes and a new era of personalized cancer treatment.