EXPLORING ANTI-ALLERGIC PROPERTIES OF JUSTICIA ADHATODA PLANT FOR TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS USING NETWORK PHARMACOLG AND MOLECULAR DOCKING

Abstract

The most prevalent chronic sickness in the world, allergic rhinitis (AR), is brought on by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses to inhaled allergens. Because of its severe burden and impairment, this disorder is of great global health concern. It frequently coexists with other respiratory conditions, such as asthma and conjunctivitis. Genetic predispositions and exposure to inhaled and occupational allergens are risk factors for allergic reactions (AR). AR's effects go beyond its physical manifestations; it also has a significant financial burden and negatively impacts social interactions, academic and professional performance, and general quality of life. The program Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) divides asthma attacks into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe, as well as intermittent or chronic. A thorough clinical history is usually required for the diagnosis, which may include involve skin exams or serum-specific IgE antibody testing, especially in cases when patients have persistent symptoms or don't react to conventional therapies. This integrated strategy aids in comprehending the complex nature of the disease and customizing suitable therapeutic approaches to mitigate the significant effects of AR on patients and healthcare systems. Medicinal plants' anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, and immunomodulatory qualities make them an effective alternative for treating a range of ailments. Adopting these natural resources offers a number of noteworthy benefits, which makes them a desirable strategy for healthcare. For generations, plants have been an essential part of many cultures' traditional healing methods. Natural selection has refined their wide range of medicinal chemicals over time, resulting in medicines that are frequently more effective and have fewer side effects than manmade drugs. This is mainly due to the fact that their organic provenance usually yields a safer profile. Furthermore, complex combinations of bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants sometimes have synergistic effects that might improve their overall therapeutic potential. Because of their synergistic effects, plants can cure multiple parts of a problem at once, providing a thorough and multifaceted approach. As a result, incorporating medicinal plants into healthcare not only draws from a rich and historic history of natural remedies, but it also corresponds with the increasing demand for therapies that are both potent and easy on the body. Justicia adhatoda (JS) is a plant used in medicine for its known anti-inflammatory qualities, which are used to treat Allergic reactions and wounds and can be a promising target to treat Allergic rhinitis. In the framework of current study, network pharmacology study is used to identify the bioactive compounds of T. sinensis plant in order to better understand its molecular mechanism for the treatment of Allergic The most prevalent chronic sickness in the world, allergic rhinitis (AR), is brought on by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses to inhaled allergens. Because of its severe burden and impairment, this disorder is of great global health concern. It frequently coexists with other respiratory conditions, such as asthma and conjunctivitis. Genetic predispositions and exposure to inhaled and occupational allergens are risk factors for allergic reactions (AR). AR's effects go beyond its physical manifestations; it also has a significant financial burden and negatively impacts social interactions, academic and professional performance, and general quality of life. The program Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) divides asthma attacks into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe, as well as intermittent or chronic. A thorough clinical history is usually required for the diagnosis, which may include involve skin exams or serum-specific IgE antibody testing, especially in cases when patients have persistent symptoms or don't react to conventional therapies. This integrated strategy aids in comprehending the complex nature of the disease and customizing suitable therapeutic approaches to mitigate the significant effects of AR on patients and healthcare systems. Medicinal plants' anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, and immunomodulatory qualities make them an effective alternative for treating a range of ailments. Adopting these natural resources offers a number of noteworthy benefits, which makes them a desirable strategy for healthcare. For generations, plants have been an essential part of many cultures' traditional healing methods. Natural selection has refined their wide range of medicinal chemicals over time, resulting in medicines that are frequently more effective and have fewer side effects than manmade drugs. This is mainly due to the fact that their organic provenance usually yields a safer profile. Furthermore, complex combinations of bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants sometimes have synergistic effects that might improve their overall therapeutic potential. Because of their synergistic effects, plants can cure multiple parts of a problem at once, providing a thorough and multifaceted approach. As a result, incorporating medicinal plants into healthcare not only draws from a rich and historic history of natural remedies, but it also corresponds with the increasing demand for therapies that are both potent and easy on the body. Justicia adhatoda (JS) is a plant used in medicine for its known anti-inflammatory qualities, which are used to treat Allergic reactions and wounds and can be a promising target to treat Allergic rhinitis. In the framework of current study, network pharmacology study is used to identify the bioactive compounds of T. sinensis plant in order to better understand its molecular mechanism for the treatment of Allergic The most prevalent chronic sickness in the world, allergic rhinitis (AR), is brought on by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses to inhaled allergens. Because of its severe burden and impairment, this disorder is of great global health concern. It frequently coexists with other respiratory conditions, such as asthma and conjunctivitis. Genetic predispositions and exposure to inhaled and occupational allergens are risk factors for allergic reactions (AR). AR's effects go beyond its physical manifestations; it also has a significant financial burden and negatively impacts social interactions, academic and professional performance, and general quality of life. The program Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) divides asthma attacks into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe, as well as intermittent or chronic. A thorough clinical history is usually required for the diagnosis, which may include involve skin exams or serum-specific IgE antibody testing, especially in cases when patients have persistent symptoms or don't react to conventional therapies. This integrated strategy aids in comprehending the complex nature of the disease and customizing suitable therapeutic approaches to mitigate the significant effects of AR on patients and healthcare systems. Medicinal plants' anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, and immunomodulatory qualities make them an effective alternative for treating a range of ailments. Adopting these natural resources offers a number of noteworthy benefits, which makes them a desirable strategy for healthcare. For generations, plants have been an essential part of many cultures' traditional healing methods. Natural selection has refined their wide range of medicinal chemicals over time, resulting in medicines that are frequently more effective and have fewer side effects than manmade drugs. This is mainly due to the fact that their organic provenance usually yields a safer profile. Furthermore, complex combinations of bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants sometimes have synergistic effects that might improve their overall therapeutic potential. Because of their synergistic effects, plants can cure multiple parts of a problem at once, providing a thorough and multifaceted approach. As a result, incorporating medicinal plants into healthcare not only draws from a rich and historic history of natural remedies, but it also corresponds with the increasing demand for therapies that are both potent and easy on the body. Justicia adhatoda (JS) is a plant used in medicine for its known anti-inflammatory qualities, which are used to treat Allergic reactions and wounds and can be a promising target to treat Allergic rhinitis. In the framework of current study, network pharmacology study is used to identify the bioactive compounds of T. sinensis plant in order to better understand its molecular mechanism for the treatment of Allergic The most prevalent chronic sickness in the world, allergic rhinitis (AR), is brought on by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses to inhaled allergens. Because of its severe burden and impairment, this disorder is of great global health concern. It frequently coexists with other respiratory conditions, such as asthma and conjunctivitis. Genetic predispositions and exposure to inhaled and occupational allergens are risk factors for allergic reactions (AR). AR's effects go beyond its physical manifestations; it also has a significant financial burden and negatively impacts social interactions, academic and professional performance, and general quality of life. The program Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) divides asthma attacks into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe, as well as intermittent or chronic. A thorough clinical history is usually required for the diagnosis, which may include involve skin exams or serum-specific IgE antibody testing, especially in cases when patients have persistent symptoms or don't react to conventional therapies. This integrated strategy aids in comprehending the complex nature of the disease and customizing suitable therapeutic approaches to mitigate the significant effects of AR on patients and healthcare systems. Medicinal plants' anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, and immunomodulatory qualities make them an effective alternative for treating a range of ailments. Adopting these natural resources offers a number of noteworthy benefits, which makes them a desirable strategy for healthcare. For generations, plants have been an essential part of many cultures' traditional healing methods. Natural selection has refined their wide range of medicinal chemicals over time, resulting in medicines that are frequently more effective and have fewer side effects than manmade drugs. This is mainly due to the fact that their organic provenance usually yields a safer profile. Furthermore, complex combinations of bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants sometimes have synergistic effects that might improve their overall therapeutic potential. Because of their synergistic effects, plants can cure multiple parts of a problem at once, providing a thorough and multifaceted approach. As a result, incorporating medicinal plants into healthcare not only draws from a rich and historic history of natural remedies, but it also corresponds with the increasing demand for therapies that are both potent and easy on the body. Justicia adhatoda (JS) is a plant used in medicine for its known anti-inflammatory qualities, which are used to treat Allergic reactions and wounds and can be a promising target to treat Allergic rhinitis. In the framework of current study, network pharmacology study is used to identify the bioactive compounds of T. sinensis plant in order to better understand its molecular mechanism for the treatment of Allergic rhinitis. In our study, we focused to explore compound-target-pathway network and discovered the active phytochemicals that target the particular genes that are responsible for the development of Allergic rhinitis. Using a network pharmacology approach, the study methodically identified putative protein targets of Justicia adhatoda in Allergic Rhinitis. Target prediction with filtering data was performed using a variety of databases and web servers, including IMPPAT, Swiss ADME (bioavailability score ≥0.55), Molsoft (drug likeness ≥0.18), Swiss Target Prediction, STITCH, Gene card, and OMIM. The gene set was sorted with 2497 genes associated with disease and 401 genes associated with phytochemical which filtered out to be 2366 and 270 genes for disease and phytochemical respectively. Among the genes, are SRC gene which encode Src kinase as the target. Venn diagram comparing the genes of JA and AR, displaying common genes which came out to be 130. To analyze their correlation, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and displayed in Cytoscape. Immune response involvement is demonstrated by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analyses, with FcERI being a critical step in allergic rhinitis. Target protein's with the highest binding energy of -9.3 score in molecular docking against PC kaempferol. Kaempferol ADME evaluation reveals no cytochrome enzyme inhibitor, suggesting it will not interfere with the metabolism of other drugs. Its pharmacokinetics predicted its molecular weight, bioavailability score, as well druglikness score. The selected candidate shows great promise for therapeutic intervention in AR, providing JA with fresh avenues for therapy.