EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE, EMISSION AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS BIODIESEL OF INDIAN ORIGIN OF VARIOUS BIODIESEL

Abstract

Diesel engines hold immense importance in India’s transportation landscape, underpinning the nation’s extensive mobility requirements. However, this heavy reliance on diesel engines also contributes to environmental concerns such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This emphasizes the need to explore and adopt sustainable alternatives, such as biodiesel, to reduce the environmental impact. Biodiesel, a renewable substitute for traditional diesel fuel, has some issues that must be resolved before it can be widely used. One hindrance is oxidation stability, which is the resistance of biodiesel to deterioration when exposed to air, light, and heat. Subsequently, one more issue linked with biodiesel is increasing NOx emissions compared to other emissions. Antioxidant additives can be added to biodiesel compositions to improve its oxidation stability to help offset this issue. Antioxidants are needed for improving biodiesel’s oxidation and mitigating NOx emission. In the initial study of this work, waste cooking oil and neem oil were selected to produce biodiesel. Three synthetic antioxidants, pyrogallol (PY), tert-butyl-hydroxyquinone (TBHQ), and diphenylamine (DPA), and one natural antioxidant Tinospora cordifolia, were used. Later, the characterization of biodiesel was performed by Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy for both biodiesels to identify the fatty acid composition of biodiesel or to determine the percentage availability of unsaturated fatty acid in biodiesel. Oxidation stability of waste cooking oil biodiesel and neem biodiesel evaluated by Rancimat as per ASTM and IS standards. Thereafter, 200 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm of all four antioxidants mixed into biodiesel and oxidation stability were evaluated for all the antioxidants treated biodiesel. 200 ppm of antioxidants not meeting the specified standard. All 1000 ppm of antioxidant-treated biodiesel meet standards. vii The prepared antioxidant-treated biodiesel with 500 ppm and 1000 ppm of antioxidants was used for further test analysis. 20% blend of biodiesel with diesel used for analysis. The physiochemical properties of diesel, diesel-biodiesel blend, and diesel-biodiesel with antioxidants for waste cooking and neem biodiesel were evaluated as per ASTM standard method. All the blends met the ASTM standard method and were comparable with baseline diesel. At the end of the work, the Performance, emission, and combustion of tested fuel blends were analyzed on Kirloskar make, direct injection engine. Results obtained from engine trials were compared with antioxidant-treated biodiesel blends and biodiesel blends with baseline diesel. Brake thermal efficiency increases, and brake-specific energy consumption decreases for antioxidant-treated biodiesel blends compared to biodiesel. NOx emission for 80D20(WCB+1000DPA), 80D20(WCB+1000DPA), 80D20(WCB+1000PY), 80D20(WCB+100TC), 80D20(NB+1000DPA), 80D20(NB+1000DPA), 80D20(NB+1000PY), 80D20(NB+100TC), blends decrease in comparison to without antioxidant blend at full load. HC, CO, Smoke, and EGT emissions for antioxidant-treated biodiesel blends slightly increased compared to biodiesel but were still found lower than diesel fuel. The results of the experiments were used for prediction and validation. The methodology used for the data that best fit linear regression analysis was the quasi-newton approach. R2 values for BTE and BSEC are 0.989 and 0.996, respectively. The proposed ANN model's performance and accuracy met all requirements. Therefore, the results of this study show antioxidants were found to be effective in oxidation stability, performance of biodiesel, and reducing exhaust emissions compared to diesel. Natural antioxidants were also found to be effective as antioxidants.