STUDY OF CELLULAR-IOT & DEVELOPMENT OF A BUSINESS CASE FOR SMART CAMPUS

Abstract

1.1 Introduction Cellular technologies are evolving to help connect people and with the ever-increasing demand for and provision of Internet access. During this development cycle, there has been an increase in data speed, a decrease in latency and an improvement in the overall quality of communication that is carried out using the wireless medium. However, mobile networks are not only developing in this direction. There is an increase in aspects of the Internet of Things and machine-to-machine communication. This aspect is not new as such, but is gaining more and more popularity for various existing and new use cases that would enable a better connected world where technology enables such connectivity to improve the overall quality of life, safety and efficiency of various tasks. The concept is popularly known as the Internet of Things (IoT) and covers machine-to-machine (M2M) and machine-to-machine (MTC) communications with device use cases ranging from video surveillance requiring higher data rates to meter monitoring requiring very small, intermittent data capabilities . . The networks used to connect these IoT devices are usually referred to as Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) due to the nature of the devices that connect to such networks. The Narrowband IoT (a.k.a. NB-IoT) industry is on the rise. The most unique characteristic of NB-IoT is that it can be deployed over the operators existing network on the existing spectrum bands. One important feature of NB-IoT includes effective and efficient indoor coverage which cannot be matched by any other technology in this industry. It supports connections with massive low-throughput and low-cost devices. Low power consumption and optimized network architecture are some of the additional advantages worth mentioning. It is expected that NB-IoT will soon evolve into a large-scale deployment across various industries and across the world. The LPWAN market has existed for a decade now. The existing solutions in the market are fragmented and not standardized, hence leading to shortcomings like poor reliability, poor security, high operational and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the new overlay network deployment is not simple and involves lot of complexities. [22] NB-IoT overcomes the above issues by providing ubiquitous coverage, faster network upgrade, low power consumption, very long battery life, low cost terminal devices, high reliability and high carrier-class network security. The initial investment in the network implementation can be quite substantial and the superimposed costs are very little. In such a scenario, NB-IoT proves to be an ideal solution to the LPWA requirements. Moreover, it enables the communication service providers (CSPs) to enter into this new field. Traditional applications like smart tracking, smart metering, smart agriculture, smart parking, etc. can be provided by NB-IoT at and ultra-low cost ($5) per module and a extremely high connectivity (100K/cell) and opens up more industry opportunities like smart city, smart health and other low data rate applications yet to be uncovered. [22] NB-IoT is a new mobile radio access technology specified by the 3GPP in version 13 to address the rapidly expanding market for low power broadband connectivity. To ensure broad coverage and widespread adoption of NB-IoT services, MNOs (Mobile Network Operators) must ensure that devices and end-to-end services from different operators must connect to the NB-IoT systems that have been deployed. Data transfer options and connection modes must be well understood. [23] Various guidelines are available for the design and deployment of NB-IoT networks. This is done to ensure interoperability and smooth roaming. The GSMA guide contains the functions standardized in 3GPP Release 10-13, regarding the key functions that will be deployed in the coming time. The GSMA provided recommendations based on entry and implementation plans shared by members of the NB-IoT Operator Forum, which plan to roll out NB-IoT networks in more than 40 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, South America and APAC, including Japan, China and South Korea.. Machine type correspondence (MTC) has a trademark which is expansive range of capacities. For instance, CCTV observation cameras need to convey immense measure of uplink (UL) information while being practically fixed. Then again, gadgets for armada following, pet following, and so on have a limited quantity of information while playing out a great deal of handovers. One more class of gadgets has neither of these abilities. Models for these incorporate gadgets for metering including power, gas or water utilization. These are many times standard and needn't bother with a streamlined handover. Non-defer delicate data is typically moved in little Delhi Technological University Study of Cellular-IoT and Development of a Business Case for Smart Campus Page 7 sums as it were. Nonetheless, the quantity of developing MTC gadgets might turn out to be very enormous, even up to a few significant degrees contrasted with the conventional gadgets. In any event, utilizing the current fast organizations would prompt an organization clog, in light of the fact that notwithstanding of their modest quantity of client information, how much flagging is about something very similar. The principal detail of NB-IoT focusses on this class of gadgets. These gadgets are frequently introduced at places without power supply. Subsequently, they run totally on battery and it could be extravagant to change the battery, since they may just be gotten to via prepared staff. Consequently, the battery lifetime now and again could decide the lifetime of the entire gadget. An enhanced power utilization is in this way fundamental for a legitimate activity. Moreover, the inclusion at these spots is in many cases very terrible. Subsequently, the indoor inclusion must be fundamentally improved, up to 23 dB are viewed as required. In this research, I have attempted to addresses the specialized potential outcomes of the equipment and programming engineering for terminals in view of LTE Feline M. I have attempted to give examinations that feature the contrasts between LTE Feline M and different classifications. Likewise, I have depicted the potential distinctions in structures among classes and how I can profit from the proposed changes in LTE Feline M. I have moreover tended to the LTE-NB (LTE Restricted Band) proposition that exist in 3GPP and contrasted them and existing advancements. Other contending advancements will likewise be contrasted with the LTE classifications and proposed classifications, featuring upsides and downsides. 1.2 Objective We at Delhi Technological University (DTU) are trying to develop a theoretical business pilot of a smart campus keeping the DTU Campus as a reference for the research. The main aim of this research is to improve the systems which exist and may also call for a full replacement of the existing system in case of implementing this pilot project. Under this project I plan to cover various domain including – smart classrooms, smart attendance, smart infrastructure including water and electricity management, smart parking, smart monitoring, pet tracking, implementation of AR/VR to improve the classroom experience, flipped classrooms, etc. With the advancements in technology, there has always been a change in the way the existing system operates. Technological advancements help in better capturing the requirements and data and also helps in taking preventive and corrective actions. The low power wide area (LPWA) technologies have always existed since a decade. However, large scale and wide geographical implementation of these technologies has pushed 3GPP to enable the mobile network operators (MNOs) to enter into the IoT space. With the standardization and wide implementation of cellular-IoT (CIoT) various new business cases can be implemented. Using the C-IoT technologies which include the underlying network of NB-IoT or LTE-Cat-M, I will try to present a theoretical business pilot. In this research I plan to include the details of the technologies including NB-IoT, LTE-Cat-M and justification why that particular technology should be implemented for the respective business case. 1.3 Conclusion Using the power of technology and with the growing IoT market in cellular domain, various business challenges can be solved and various new business cases can be implemented. Thus, the intention of implementing this pilot project is expected to lead to betterment in management of the resources, lower the wastage, enhance the learning experience, improve tracking and attendance systems. The underlying technology though explained may not be the soul solution to the project and the respective business case could be implemented using an alternative technology in the same domain. For example, implementation of a smart dustbin and waste management could be carried out using a NB-IoT network as well as LTE-Cat-M network. However, the case demands for the low data rate, stationary or low mobility solution which would call for implementing the NB-IoT network.