AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL OF MULTI AREA MULTI-SOURCE SYSTEM USING OPTIMIZED TID CONTROLLER

Abstract

In today’s world, electricity demands of every household and industry is increasing day by day. Electricity Blackouts, Frequency deviation and voltage imbalance can wreak havoc affecting industries whose work is solely based on electricity and affecting our day to day lives. For a stable and reliable power system, some type of control strategy is required. If frequency not maintained at optimal level, it could result in high magnetizing currents in transformers and induction motors. To tackle the problem of frequency imbalance, Automatic Generation Control was introduced to control the frequency deviations and inter-area power exchanges. Method of regulating the real power output of the generators to match the sudden load changes happening on the demand side is termed as Automatic Generation Control. It is implemented when two or more than two areas are interconnected. Primary control is provided using governor. Supplementary control is provided using some type of controller like I, PI, PID etc. This project work presents the design and analysis of TID controller optimized using TLBO and PSO optimization techniques for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of an interconnected two area power system with Multi source in each area. Initially the TLBO based PID controller is being used to optimize the system. After that TID controller is being used with two optimization techniques for comparison purpose. Non linearities like Governor Deadband (GDB), Boiler Dynamics (BD) and Generation Rate Constant (GRC) is also being implemented to make the system as realistic as possible with real world scenarios. This two-area system is being simulated in MALTAB Simulink and run for multiple times with each time running for 100 iterations considering 50 as population size. A 0.1 per unit of step load perturbation is enforced in a specific area and different gain parameters of TID controller are properly tuned using TLBO considering Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) as the objective function. Multiple objective functions are being considered but the best results are obtained using ITAE as an objective function. In the formulated approach the objective function consists of combination of deviations in frequency and tie line power. Superiority of TLBO based TID controller over PSO based TID controller is observed and as well as over TLBO based PID controller.