DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL VACCINE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BASED ON MULTIPLE RECEPTORS INTERACTION WITH CoV2 SPIKE PROTEIN

Abstract

A severe acute respiratory syndrome known as covid19 was a threat to mankind globally in the year 2020 and 2021. To date, 48 crores confirmed cases have been reported according to WHO. The spike protein of coronavirus is essential for host cell recognition and host infection. It engages ACE2 for entry into the host cell. However, there is growing evidence that the spike protein and other structural protein binds with multiple receptors for viral infection. The key to tackling this pandemic is to understand the receptor recognition by virus and its variability in host cell infection and associated side effects. Our studies predicted interaction between S protein and multiple human receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLR), Mannose receptor, Heat shock protein HSPA5 or glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and Ezrin, using molecular docking and structural bioinformatics. Carbohydrate moieties present outside the surface of spike protein which is known to be the driving force for internalization, inflammation, and infection of the virus. Our Docking result shows that HSPA5 has the most proficient binding with spike protein after ACE2 where threonine residue of the spike protein of A chain docked with Arginine of the receptor. Understanding the binding sites for receptors with spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, membranous protein, and envelope protein may help to fight the disease and find a better vaccine coverage area. Hence, our research article provides better vaccine coverage by finding the amino acid binding site using in-Silico methods.