STUDY AND DESIGN OF SECOND GENERATION VOLTAGE CONVEYER BASED ANALOG CIRCUITS

Abstract

Second generation voltage controlled conveyers is an active block that is being widely explored in the field of analog electronics. Many exciting and wide range applications are being realized using second generation voltage conveyers. The applications such as sensor read out circuits, amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, multivibrators, etc. The properties of VCII can be used to implement applications like current follower, voltage follower, voltage to current converter, current to voltage converter, voltage differentiator, voltage integrator, etc. The work done during the course of this project helps in realizing analog circuits based on second generation voltage conveyer circuit. The analog circuits which have been implemented using VCII in this project are voltage buffer, current buffer, current to voltage converter, voltage to current converter, voltage differentiator, voltage integrator, Schmitt trigger, and Pulse Width Modulator. The Schmitt Trigger and Pulse Width Modulator circuits that have been designed using VCII presents a novel approach to realizing such non linear applications using active blocks. The circuits of Schmitt Trigger and Pulse Width Modulator have been designed using CMOS technology of 180 nm. The operation of both the circuits have been critically analyzed through mathematical computations and the feasibility of the circuits have been validated using SPICE simulations.