TO DECIPHERTHE ROLE OF TA SYSTEMS IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria responsible for the disease of the infamous Tuberculosis (TB). mtb is the major human pathogens prevalent in developing countries, with an appropriate number of 2 million deaths per year. This disease is treatable but the hurdles we face, this project helps in giving the new approach and better perspective. Latent Tb is the phase when the bacteria exits in one person’s body and unable to replicate properly due to healthy and good immunity response. But it shows its pathogenicity when the immune response gets degraded. The reason can be any other physiological condition or aging. Even after any person is responding regardless having any physiological conditions, the case of patient can be treated. But problem arises when patient’s body stop responding regarding the treatment. To overcome the growing problem of MDR, XDR varieties and eradication of the latent form of TB, novel ways of more rapid treatment are the need of the hour. The complete sequence of the genome of Mtb (H37Rv) has been achieved, but more deep knowledge and understanding of different classes of toxin and antitoxin systems needs to be studies. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to be the causative agent in tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is the disease in which lungs get affected along with other parts. 87% new cases had been recorded in TB burden countries. Among which out of 30 countries, 8 countries hold the two thirds of the cases. India was among the 8 countries. More than 2 million cases were recoded in past two years. And this data is keep increasing in recent years. Immunology plays a paramount role in this disease. The person who gets affected by the mtb infection is expected to express inflammatory response which causes the breakdown of the lungs matrix and formation of lung cavities. But many underlying immunological dysfunction like aids and diabetes etc. creates variation in formation of lung cavities. The fatality in TB is increased by the drug resistant TB. It means that the person stops responding to the treatment. Over the past decade, there has been a sharp increase in the disease, with the emergence of MDR and EDR varieties of TB. Toxin-Antitoxin systems are potential therapeutic domain in antibiotic resistance. TA systems are present in the bacteria. These TA systems can be classified into six classes. They are prone to the unfavorable conditions. We can manipulate these TA regions to loosen up its harmful effect and will make it less fatal in the cause of tuberculosis.