DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF GRAPHENE BASED YAGI UDA ANTENNA

Abstract

This thesis introduces two different application. The First application draws the attention towards 2 non-identical Yagi-Uda antenna based on hybrid metal-graphene materials. This Yagi-Uda antenna has been placed on the top of Rogers RT/duroid substrate. In the first proposed design, director, reflector, and dipole are made from a graphene material but the small length of a patch which has metal are attached to both ends of reflector and director. The second proposed design case is complementing of the first proposed design case. That means reflector, director and dipole are made from metal and patch is graphene on both ends of director and reflector. Now the two antennas have been compared by the estimated outcome. And it is signifying that Yagi-Uda antenna which is designed in the second proposed case is more efficient than the first proposed case. It is also superior in terms of gain, radiation efficiency, return loss, polarization, radiation pattern, front to back ratio and voltage standing wave ratio. The return loss of proposed design case 1 is -12.41 dB at resonating frequency 5.7 GHz, while in proposed case 2 it is -18.54 dB at 3.2 GHz. The Bandwidth and Gain of proposed case 1 are 70 MHz and 6.73 dB respectively which is lesser than proposed case 2. The Bandwidth and gain of proposed case 2 are 100 MHz and 7.11 dB respectively. In second application draws the attention towards a rectangular box Yagi-Uda antenna based on the graphene materials. It consists of a rectangular box dipole antenna, rectangular box reflector, and rectangular box directors. Dipole, reflector, and directors are made from graphene materials. By altering the reflector, directors, and dipole the resonance frequency, gain, front to back ratio and efficiency can be maximized. The source provides in the antenna is a co-axial cable. Measure and compare the result from proposed Yagi-Uda antenna with graphene and conventional Yagi-Uda antenna without graphene. And it is conveying that a Yagi-Uda antenna with graphene is more compact and has superior characteristics in terms of 3D gain, efficiency, Front to Back Ratio than Yagi-Uda antenna without graphene. The exclusive antenna concept described is an efficient solution for graphene-based Yagi-Uda radiation pattern. the maximum gain of the proposed antenna is 6.32 dB at 6.6 GHz. In all the structure I used the material as a Graphene.it is an emerging material in the modern era. From this material, I got attractive characteristics. By the help of Yagi-Uda antenna Based on Hybrid Metal Graphene materials. we can use in project loon LLC, Li-Fi, etc. And these materials are also a key role in the Space Research. it is also used in the wireless network. These technologies used in GHz. Basically, these are used in the ruler area, remote area or hilly area, etc. Which is very important to relate or help to 4G or 5G technology.it is very important for future scope.