CHARACTERIZATION OF EFFECTS OF FORMULATED PLANT EXTRACTS (NUTMEG AND PEPPER) ON HYPHAL MORPHOGENESIS IN CANDIDA ALBICANS

Abstract

Candida species are normally harmless commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract but sometimes in immunodeficiency conditions of host this fungus becomes pathogen which causes a range of disease from superficial to life threatening systemic superficial infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and immunocompromised individual. Life-threatening blood branched infections along compromising or threatened intensive care patients (mainly those undergoing cancer chemotherapy or immunosuppressive medication because of organ or bone marrow transplant procedures). They spread out or enlarge in many different or distinguishable morphological forms which purview or reach from unicellular budding yeast to true Hyphal with collateral or symmetric -side wall (Sudbery P et al., 2004). In a typical manner regularly, C. albicans capture about or nearly 70% of the population or group of individuals and C. albicans are mainly occurring as harmless commensal i.e. it profits other without any negative effect while some C. albicans are also found in the urinary tract and GIT in human body. (Kabir M AA et al., 2012). It is found that Candida causes some kind of diseases like oral, pharyngeal, vaginal, and invasive or incursive Candidiasis. It is also found that approx. 70% of the females will face or experience these kinds of diseases which are influenced by C.albicans, generally vaginal Candidiasis, in their lifespan. More often, the infections occur by C.albicans is inheritable by patients in hospitals with the death rate of approx. 45% (Pfaller MA et al., 2006). Oral and pharyngeal fungal infection is a white spot or patch of C.albicans on mucous membranes and this fungal disease come about or arise in the buccal chamber or throat. Vulvovaginal fungal infection is known by the unreasonable growth of Yeast in the vulvovaginal area causing some haptic sensation, and extraction of fluid from the vaginal region. Infection comes about when the Candida move into the inpatients blood 2 | P a g e stream and can conveniently spread through a higher level to almost many distinct organs of end to end body. Incursive candidiasis is best acknowledged when body (of host or individual) fever becomes incurable with antibiotics. Mainly, azoles are meant for curing Yeast or fungal diseases while it is also found that fluconazole is meant for curing some intense disease (Ortega et al., 2011).