IMPLEMENTATION OF VLSI CIRCUITS USING CURRENT CONVEYORS

Abstract

Analog VLSI can deal with nearly all real world issues and has extended its range of circuits (amplifier, filters, communication circuits, current comparators etc) for new information processing applications in numerous fields like integrated sensors, image processing, speech recognition, hand writing recognition etc. This lead to an increased interest in the evolution process of active elements which are used for analog signal processing. Current conveyors an excellent linear active element with high bandwidth, greater dynamic range and better high frequency response has evolved as a building block for higher efficiency blocks. Evolved in 1968 as the first generation current conveyor, the block gained huge reputation with the second generation in 1970 and the third generation in 1995. Differential Difference Current Conveyor an active block which is similar to the DDA at the input side and CCII at the output and hence combining the qualities of Current Conveyor and Differential Difference Amplifier whose simple implementation makes it a universal building block has huge applications.