APPLICATIONS OF VDCC IN ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

Abstract

Abstract The present work deals with voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) and its application in analog circuit design. There have been several major developments in the area of analog circuits which have taken place during the past four decades. Ever since the introduction of current conveyors as basic building blocks in analog circuit design, there is a bulk of material available about the various active blocks developed past Current Conveyors. Among various modern active building blocks, Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor is emerging as quite flexible and versatile building block for analog circuit design. The Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor (VDCC) combines the features of two very basic and very important analog building blocks, a second generation current conveyor and an operational transconductance amplifier. The VDCC analog building block can be used to implement almost all basic signal processing applications like summation, difference, multiplication, amplification, filtering, etc. In this thesis an attempt has been made to highlight the realization of the VDCC active block using MOSFETs and several other applications in analog circuit design. Initially, the AC and DC characteristics of the VDCC active analog block are studied along with the relationships of various input and output currents and voltages. After this, basic circuits like amplifier, differentiator, integrator and grounded/floating inductor have been realized to understand the working of the VDCC active analog block. After this some advanced applications of VDCC analog block are realized like current/voltage mode biquads and oscillators. A voltage-mode VDCC based biquad filter using three active blocks has also been realized. This VDCC based voltage mode biquad filter gives low-pass, band-pass and notch outputs. For these filters the output characteristics and the effects of passive components are studied and sensitivity analysis is done. Apart from the filter realizations current mode and voltage mode oscillators are also realized. The oscillators are tuned to a particular frequency using passive components.