MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN FOR WLAN,WIMAX AND UWB COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Abstract

In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Microstrip patch antenna. In this work, the pattern of multiple designs of a Microstrip patch antenna have been analyzed and studied. In this work multiple numbers of patch antennas has been designed and results are analyzed. Since the release by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz) for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless communication UWB is rapidly advancing as a high data rate wireless communication technology. WiMAX has three allocated frequency bands from 2.5 to 2.8 GHz, from 3.2 to 3.8 GHz and from 5.2 to 5.8 GHz. This thesis focuses on ISM band, WLAN, GSM, WiMax, UWB antenna design and analysis. Studies have been undertaken covering the areas of wireless communication band studies, UWB fundamentals and antenna theory. Extensive investigations were also carried out on different types of microstrip patch antennas for applications main toned above. The objective of this thesis is to present a design analysis of microstrip patch antennas, which are applicable to wireless communication systems as WLAN, WiMax, GPS, ISM band communication and UWB ultra wide band communication, in particular. Microstrip patch antennas have many advantages over conventional antennas which makes them suitable for a wide variety of applications. However, a major drawback of these antennas is the low bandwidth. Various techniques have been proposed by researchers to enhance its bandwidth. The first part of this thesis outlines what an antenna is and how it radiates. An insight is also given to the fundamental limitations of antennas. As antennas investigated in this thesis are planar-printed designs, an insight into the types of feed lines applicable, such as microstrip, CPW and slotline, is given. To help characterise the antennas investigated, the fundamental antenna analysis parameters, such as impedance bandwidth, S-parameters, radiation pattern, directivity, antenna efficiency, gain and polarisation are discussed. Also discussed is the 3D electromagnetic simulation software, HFSS, which was used to simulate the antennas in this thesis. In this thesis number of microstrip planer patch antenna design has been proposed and simulated results are presented for discussions. Some of them are single band and most are multi band patch antenna. Substrate used for antenna printing is mostly FR4, Rogerar RT dueroid any more. Most of the antenna dimensions are calculated using basic parametric equations of rectangular microstrip patch antenna.