STUDY ON WATER TRANSMISSION PIPELINE FAILURES IN INDIA AND ITS SOLUTION

Abstract

Water transmission main plays an important role in a water supply system. They are the lifelines for human developments. As a matter of fact, with the depletion of water source in the vicinity of urban dwellings and industrial developments, long distance water transmission mains have become inevitable to transport water from sources located at far off distances. Failures of water transmission mains not only lead to wastage of precious water, but also the disruption of service has huge financial and social implications. Therefore it is imperative to design and choose appropriate piping system so as to ensure uninterrupted and sustainable water supply system to the consumers. In this study a problem on water transmission main in Gadwal region of Mehboobnagar district of Andhra Pradesh has been analysed to provide a technical solution to the problem. Methodologies on pipe selection criteria have been evaluated to arrive at a proper approach for a holistic solution. Case studies on similar type of problem in transmission mains in other parts of India has also been analysed to have a better understanding of the reasons for failure and the factors affecting the sustenance of the system. The cases of failure have been analysed using high end software like Hytran, SAP and customized MS Excel sheets. The model created in the software has been calibrated by incorporating field data, so as to ensure simulation of the system as to actual ground conditions. The analysis of the model has been done by simulating the probable modes of failure, like steady state analysis and transient analysis. The results generated was also analysed on the basis of material of pipeline used, type of jointing system adopted, protection devices being installed, number and type of pumping system, etc and many other factors comprising a water transmission system. Further to analyzing the technical issues affecting the performance of a transmission main, it is imperative to understand the techno-commercial, economic, social and cultural factors which contribute to decision making towards implementation of a water supply system. Therefore the study attempts to formulate designs and systems on the basis of Life Cycle Cost Analysis, Ranking of pipelines on different parameters, Economic diameter selection etc. The systems developed will help engineers and planners in decision making towards selection of right piping system for transmission mains. The study opens up scope for further research on performance of different pipe materials on different site and hydraulic conditions, condition assessment of the existing assets and performance evaluation of the assets already under use. Future research on the said topics will help in effective planning for future developments in water supply system, capital investment programme and preventive maintenance plan.