http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22558 2026-04-28T05:26:18Z http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22683 Title: DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK FOR CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF VISUAL NARRATIVE FOR CHILDREN Authors: SINGH, SHRUTI SOHARIA Abstract: The thesis aims at creation of a framework for construction and evaluation of Visual Narratives for Children. The aim to write the thesis is to bring about a concise format, of creation of visual narratives for children. Since there are various visual narratives created for learning, understanding and educating the children. Learning outcomes vary to these types of visual narratives catering to the multiple subject matter, age group. The styles of the VN are also varying. This thesis aims as providing a clear and precise format supported by case studies. These case studies are created keeping in mind the subject matter, appropriate medium, elements of design and their response has been observed. Based on the analysis of the observations the conclusions are derived. This thesis provides a Format, based on the usage of Elements of Design and their efficacy aiming at learning and education of children. To start with the thesis in the Chapter One, first foremost is the need to define a few pivotal terms for the thesis i.e. Narrative, Visual Narrative and Storytelling. A story being told in a pragmatic manner, sequentially unfolding of events, is a Narrative. The Narrative through Visuals, the unfolding of events visually in a structural format, is a Visual Narrative. The process of telling, listening and discussing stories with others is Storytelling (England 2007). Storytelling is the art of conveying ideas, beliefs, personal experiences, and life lessons through structured narratives that elicit emotional resonance and foster deeper understanding or insight. Serrat, O. (2017). Narratives are stories created by storytellers and understood by audiences through their own experiences (Van Laer et al., 2014). Narratives are usually seen as entertaining rather than persuasive, unlike straightforward factual messages (Green, 2006, 2008; Green & Brock, 2002; Shen, Sheer, & Li, 2015). When people engage with stories, they respond both emotionally (Hamby & Jones, 2022) and mentally (Chang, 2009), which can make them more open to the story's message. This means the persuasive effect of a narrative depends less on logical arguments and more on how relatable, engaging, and immersive the story becomes (Green, 2004, 2008). Chapter Two Literature Review, defines the terminology and the key aspects of the thesis like, a story, history of stories, the role of a story, the difference between a story and a narrative, the translation of a story to a narrative to a visual narrative, Role of Visual Narrative, evolution of Visual Narratives, different frameworks of Visual Narratives, aim of VN, Learning through VN, Various psychologists and their study on the learning and development aspects among children, types of learning, learning pedagogy, Chapter Three includes the methodology design and the framework being generated. There have been frameworks, made in the field of social sciences aiming at their impact from different point of views. The literature review chapter contains the frameworks by various scholars. This chapter aims at creating a structural Framework of the Visual Narrative creation, using different Elements of Design and evaluating their Efficacy. The elements of Design (Line, Colour and Space). The VN evaluated on the basis of Engagement, Emotional Response, Curiosity achieved by the VN. The corelation between the above three attributes is established in the literature review chapter. The case studies been developed and response by children is collected, this data has been analysed and conclusions are derived to check the efficacy of the Framework. The case study: ‘Bubble extravaganza’ is a Visual Narrative talks about a very common topic among children, ie. Making Bubble and creating an open-ended narrative. Nearly all children have tried or seen this in some form. Taking such a common topic the development from a more story oriented to a process oriented VN. The Narrative and Visual Narrative is created by myself. The Narrative more focussed on the scientific process and less on the characters. The elaborate and Open- ended narrative approach, where many ways of creating a bubble were VI shown, details of the scientific phenomena are given. The exploration of the different media been used to create the VN. The efficacy of the framework evaluated by the response of the students of the age 10-12 years. The observations were made based on their response to the questionnaire, the Likert tool has been used to measure the response. The statistical evaluation makes the evidences clear. Second case study, using an existing Picture book ‘Leela’s Special Day’, of mine, open-ended in nature has been considered. The students were shown the VN and their observations were analysed. It gave a distinct result, on the basis of the shift created among the three elements of Design in the two versions of the picture book made it very evident, that students for story books, based in certain location (kerala) in this VN in a Rainy season setting described the events better in a high on colour VN contrary to the first case study in which the students responded better towards the VN with less colour and more line drawings. Third Case study, includes an existing Dynamic Visual Narrative without words. The aim to use this VN was the wordlessness, open-ended aspect, the ethnographic location of Mumbai, the stop motion animation and a life of a common family and intense and may emotions been expressed in this 10 min Wordless Visual Narrative. The students of Gurgaon 10-12 years old were shown this VN. They were made to write this story after they finished watching the movie. The evaluation was done by three experts, established curriculum and story writers for Children. Their evaluation was depicted in a statistical form and analysis has been driven out of them. Results show the children were very efficient in remembering the instances, recognising emotions, delivering the sequential comprehension of the story. Observation of students, showed their keen interest and engagement with the Visual Narrative shown. They were quite most of the time just observing the movie. Hence, this thesis throws the light on the development of a framework for further creators of books for learning, text books. The Thesis with observation, evaluations, analysis and conclusions been derived gives a concrete ground to the framework developed. It also marks the way for further research to be carried out subsequently in depth from the point of view of selected media, age group pf children, with different abilities. It is always one learning that leads to another. 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22578 Title: A FRAMEWORK FOR FRUGAL DESIGN AND ITS ASSESSMENT Authors: KUMARI, ANURADHA Abstract: The global challenges of environmental degradation and unequal access to the benefits of technological developments require a significant shift in how we approach product design and development. Traditional resource-intensive design practices are not sustainable, and current innovations often fail to achieve a critical portion of the world's population due to cost and adaptability issues. This research addresses these challenges by developing a Design framework as a generally applicable strategy for creating effective and sustainable solutions. In this research, we have developed a design framework that is frugal in terms of resource consumption throughout its lifecycle. The frugal design framework consists of five dimensions, beginning with redefining the frugal design concept. Moving beyond the commonly held perception of frugal design as an affordable innovation for marginalized communities, this research proposed a new universal understanding of the frugal design concept. Frugal design (FD) is defined as a resource-conscious innovation that develops high-performance, long-term, sustainable functional solutions. This expanded perspective goes beyond specific economic or geographical boundaries. Frugal design is seen as a globally relevant, strategically advantageous approach to various design challenges in various industries and contexts. This reconceptualization forms the basis for identifying essential attributes that define effective frugal design: sustainability, function, inclusion, and performance. These attributes are interconnected dependencies that must be harmoniously integrated throughout the design and development process. These attributes emphasize creating products that minimize resource consumption and environmental impact over the lifecycle, providing essential and reliable functionality, and are accessible, relevant, or exceed required performance standards in the intended operational context of a diverse global user base. Later, this research introduces a frugal design evaluation model (FDEM) for practicing these attributes. This evaluation model is developed through identified core attributes and enhanced with user feedback. Frugality index, defined on a scale of 1-5, measures the product's frugality quotient based on associated criteria/attributes. It also guides the designers to improve designs based on user insights, indicating the criteria the product lacks and making them understand why some products and features are acceptable over others at the user level. Furthermore, to understand the systemic challenges hindering the broader adoption of FD, the research delves into a comprehensive analysis of the entire product lifecycle, revealing the inefficient and wasteful use of key input resources (material, energy, information, time, and space) are major and frequently disregarded contributing factor to the inability to get frugal design outcomes. A central contribution to this research is developing an IO(Input-output) frugal design framework. A structured and systematic approach is presented to optimize resource use for various design processes. The main goal of this framework is to streamline the development process by strategically focusing on critical input resources (e.g., materials, energy, information, space, time, etc.), the generation of valuable outputs (e.g., sustainability, function, inclusion, performance improvements, etc.), and simplifying inherently complex systems and strategically effective values. This IO framework provides designers and decision makers with a more informed strategic foundation for resource allocation and design compromises, enabling them to v create sustainable and integrated solutions by optimizing critical resources. Quantifying the complex relationship between specific design decisions and their concrete effects on frugal design outcomes. This innovative approach substantially advances traditional, often more intuitive, experience-based design processes. Overemphasizing frugality with respect to five input resources can result in solutions that, while meeting resource efficiency goals, compromise user experience, which prevents widespread adoption and eventually minimizes the intended benefits of frugal design. Therefore, including Design Thinking (DT) in the frugal design paradigm provides a promising path to expand its capabilities. This research develops a frugal design thinking (FDT) framework. Recognizing the inherent limitations of traditional linear and often closely focused problem-solving methods, especially when facing the complexity and dynamic limitations of resource-scarce environments. FDT offers a powerful synergistic integration of the core principles and iterative processes of Design Thinking (DT) and the resourcefulness and value-orientation of Frugal Design (FD). This integrated approach provides a structured yet highly adaptive, human-centric methodology for manufacturers to effectively address multifaceted manufacturing and design challenges in a resource-limited context. This new framework represents a key contribution to the field with a practical and implementable roadmap to promote the ubiquitous culture of economic innovation within an organization, while simultaneously promoting the creation of effective solutions that effectively meet global needs related to sustainability, accessibility, and affordability. The FDT framework provides a transformative perspective on how design is used in an increasingly resource-conscious, interconnected world, providing both practitioners and researchers with the tools to advance frugal design principles and practices for a more sustainable and equitable future. 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22563 Title: FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING DESIGN Authors: SINGH, TARUNA Abstract: Addressing the sustainability challenges of packaging waste has become an alarming global need. A neglected yet important environment issue is the function of packaging in reducing the amount of content losses. There is a large gap between real life design implementation and sustainability intentions despite industry commitments to sustainable packaging solutions. The focus here lies on design attributes of packaging that can be utilized to conserve resources effectively and minimize the environmental impact. This Thesis fills this gap by determining the priority list of the key design attributes for Sustainable Packaging Design (SPD) and creating an inclusive framework to enable their practical implementation. Using a mixed- methods research design incorporating systematic literature review, expert interviews (n=30), with Kano method analysis, the study initially established the key design attributes driving effective sustainable packaging innovation. The findings indicated the key design attributes blocks of effective SPD. Drawing on these findings, this dissertation offers the Sustainable Packaging Initiate - Innovate Design (SPIID) framework—a new methodological tool for bringing theoretical sustainability principles to tangible design specifications. The SPIID framework is a three phased: Initiate – Integrate - Innovate and 5- steps, interconnected process. This three-phase framework (Initiate, Integrate, Innovate) is introduced, enabling the strategic integration of design attributes that elevate sustainable packaging performance. Each phase employs specific tools and methodologies for resolving the critical design attributes found and dealing with the inherent trade-offs between sustainability goals and functional needs. To test the SPIID framework, an assessment via Expert group sessional insights (n=30) validated the framework's utility, usability, and applicability to varied packaging contexts. Practitioners from the industry, academics and entrepreneurs most appreciated the framework's methodical process of dealing with sustainability trade-offs and its ability to encourage cross-functional collaboration between design, engineering, and sustainability groups in their decision-making process. This study contributes to three important areas in the field. First, it provides a holistic basis for understanding critical design attributes affecting successful sustainable packaging innovation using design thinking. Second, it presents a tested framework that closes the gap between theoretical principles of sustainability and practical using design thinking. Third, it presents evidence-based findings on the effectiveness of integrated design strategies in tackling intricate sustainability issues in packaging. The SPIID methodology provides designers, and sustainability experts with a structured approach for creating packaging solutions that reconcile environmental, economic, and functional factors. Areas of future research are the extension of the framework to new packaging technologies, creation of digital tools to facilitate its use, and its extension to cover more comprehensive circular economy concepts in product-packaging systems. 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22562 Title: ENHANCING USER EXPERIENCE WITH AUTOMOBILE DESIGN, A STUDY Authors: AHMAD, SHAHID Abstract: The evolution of automobile design has transitioned from a purely engineering-driven approach to a user-cantered paradigm, recognizing that user experience (UX) plays a pivotal role in consumer satisfaction and market success. This research systematically integrates UX factors into the automobile design process, addressing critical parameters such as safety, functionality, ergonomics, aesthetics, sustainability, connectivity, ease of use, accessibility, responsiveness, and navigation. Despite the increasing significance of UX in automobile development, existing frameworks fail to holistically incorporate these factors into the design lifecycle. A mixed-methods research approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative expert interviews. The study utilized the Delphi method in two stages: first, to identify key UX parameters through expert consensus, and second, to validate the refined framework with experienced design professionals. Data was gathered from over 150 automobile designers, spanning various expertise levels and domains, ensuring a diverse and industry-relevant perspective. A comparative case study analysis was conducted on two prominent car segments Compact SUVs and Hatchbacks evaluating vehicles based on the proposed UX framework. Parameters were assessed using a Likert-scale evaluation, and real-user surveys were conducted to validate the framework’s applicability in practical scenarios. Findings indicate that UX factors significantly influence design preferences, with safety, ergonomics, and functionality emerging as critical determinants of user satisfaction. The study demonstrates that integrating UX considerations enhances not only usability but also brand perception and competitive positioning. The developed User Experience Driven Automobile Design (UX-DAD) framework provides a structured methodology for assessing and optimizing UX in vehicle design. This framework offers a practical tool for automobile manufacturers, designers, and UX strategists to create vehicles that align with evolving consumer expectations. The research contributes to academic discourse by establishing a structured UX assessment model while providing actionable insights for industry practitioners. Future research can expand validation across diverse vehicle segments and global markets to further refine the UX-DAD framework. 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z