http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/21712 2026-06-12T12:50:06Z 2026-06-12T12:50:06Z KUMAR, ABHISHEK http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22740 2026-06-04T06:32:30Z 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: FORECAST AND EVOLUTION OF THE GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO IN PRIMARY EDUCATION IN INDIA Authors: KUMAR, ABHISHEK Abstract: The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a comprehensive and Integrated flagship programme of the Government of India aimed at Universalization of elementary education which came to effect in November 2000.The concept of Universalization implies education to all children up to the age of 14, that is completion of the upper primary level of education. The dissertation wishes to study the evolution of the GER component in primary education, the improvement of which is an objective of the scheme. An analysis and forecast of the gross enrolment of girls and total gross enrolment in primary education has been taken about through the course of this study. It looks at the developments and studies factors that have influenced the Gross Enrolment Ratio. Increasing the gross enrolment was one of the aims of the policy along with other factors. The study forecasts that the gross enrolment ratio will increase. The predictions realized on the basis of the model obtained show a continuous increase of GER values in the next years. The results obtained can be a good starting point for any study which has as a theme the establishment of personnel policies in the educational system. While increasing pupil teacher ratios have helped in improvements, percentage of aggregate expenditure on education remained around the same mark for all states. Apart from gross enrolment ratio, other factors relating to the quality of education should be studied. Further studies should take into account the very recent policy change of strengthening the SSA by using teacher related factors for quality improvements. The identification and improvements in factors relating to the quality of education in different regions of India can help in meeting the objectives of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, the deadline to which has already passed. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is an innovative and integrated flagship programme launched by the Government of India during November 2000 to universalize elementary education. Universalization here means education for all children until age 14, which includes the upper primary level. This dissertation attempts to examine the evolution of Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) component in primary education since improving GER is one of the major objectives of the SSA programme. The present study analyses and predicts the girl’s gross enrolment and overall gross enrolment in primary education. During the span of this study, the trends and determinants of Gross Enrolment Ratio have been studied. It has been predicted that the gross enrolment ratio will also rise in the future. The future projections made through the realized model indicate that the value of GER will keep on increasing in the years to come. v The findings of this study may provide a firm base for any further study which concentrates on the formulation of personnel policies within the education system. Pupil-teacher ratios, although increasing, have played a positive part in improvement but the percentage of aggregate expenditure on education till date has shown more or less the same trend in all states. But, at the same time it should be kept in mind that besides the gross enrolment ratio, other considerations related to quality should also be examined. The future studies should consider the recent policy shift of strengthening the SSA by using teacher related factors to bring about improvement in quality. The identification of quality related factors and their improvement across different regions of India would help in achieving the goals of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, even though the time schedule for its implementation has long been over. The present study reveals that although there has been progress in raising the gross enrolment ratios, especially of girls, yet further improvement is possible on the counts of resource mobilization and quality education. Moreover, the present study brings to the fore the relevance of regional differentials and the necessity of area specific interventions to tackle the problems unique to different regions of India. The identification of factors affecting the quality of education in specific regions would help in achieving the goals of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan even though the time schedule for its implementation has long been over. On the whole, the present dissertation accentuates the need for continuous assessment and reformulation of the policies in tune with the emerging needs of the country. The findings and recommendations of this study may serve as a handy guide for the policy makers, educators and other stakeholders in their sincere efforts to provide equitable and quality education to all the children of India.

2024-05-01T00:00:00Z KUMAR, ABHISHEK Pal, Aishani (SUPERVISOR) http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22738 2026-05-22T04:06:47Z 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: FORECAST AND EVOLUTION OF THE GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO IN PRIMARY EDUCATION IN INDIA Authors: KUMAR, ABHISHEK; Pal, Aishani (SUPERVISOR) Abstract: The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a comprehensive and Integrated flagship programme of the Government of India aimed at Universalization of elementary education which came to effect in November 2000.The concept of Universalization implies education to all children up to the age of 14, that is completion of the upper primary level of education. The dissertation wishes to study the evolution of the GER component in primary education, the improvement of which is an objective of the scheme. An analysis and forecast of the gross enrolment of girls and total gross enrolment in primary education has been taken about through the course of this study. It looks at the developments and studies factors that have influenced the Gross Enrolment Ratio. Increasing the gross enrolment was one of the aims of the policy along with other factors. The study forecasts that the gross enrolment ratio will increase. The predictions realized on the basis of the model obtained show a continuous increase of GER values in the next years. The results obtained can be a good starting point for any study which has as a theme the establishment of personnel policies in the educational system. While increasing pupil teacher ratios have helped in improvements, percentage of aggregate expenditure on education remained around the same mark for all states. Apart from gross enrolment ratio, other factors relating to the quality of education should be studied. Further studies should take into account the very recent policy change of strengthening the SSA by using teacher related factors for quality improvements. The identification and improvements in factors relating to the quality of education in different regions of India can help in meeting the objectives of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, the deadline to which has already passed. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is an innovative and integrated flagship programme launched by the Government of India during November 2000 to universalize elementary education. Universalization here means education for all children until age 14, which includes the upper primary level. This dissertation attempts to examine the evolution of Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) component in primary education since improving GER is one of the major objectives of the SSA programme. The present study analyses and predicts the girl’s gross enrolment and overall gross enrolment in primary education. During the span of this study, the trends and determinants of Gross Enrolment Ratio have been studied. It has been predicted that the gross enrolment ratio will also rise in the future. The future projections made through the realized model indicate that the value of GER will keep on increasing in the years to come. v The findings of this study may provide a firm base for any further study which concentrates on the formulation of personnel policies within the education system. Pupil-teacher ratios, although increasing, have played a positive part in improvement but the percentage of aggregate expenditure on education till date has shown more or less the same trend in all states. But, at the same time it should be kept in mind that besides the gross enrolment ratio, other considerations related to quality should also be examined. The future studies should consider the recent policy shift of strengthening the SSA by using teacher related factors to bring about improvement in quality. The identification of quality related factors and their improvement across different regions of India would help in achieving the goals of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, even though the time schedule for its implementation has long been over. The present study reveals that although there has been progress in raising the gross enrolment ratios, especially of girls, yet further improvement is possible on the counts of resource mobilization and quality education. Moreover, the present study brings to the fore the relevance of regional differentials and the necessity of area specific interventions to tackle the problems unique to different regions of India. The identification of factors affecting the quality of education in specific regions would help in achieving the goals of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan even though the time schedule for its implementation has long been over. On the whole, the present dissertation accentuates the need for continuous assessment and reformulation of the policies in tune with the emerging needs of the country. The findings and recommendations of this study may serve as a handy guide for the policy makers, educators and other stakeholders in their sincere efforts to provide equitable and quality education to all the children of India.

2024-05-01T00:00:00Z KUMAR, MOHIT Pal, Aishani (SUPERVISOR) http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22736 2026-05-15T05:30:20Z 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: IMPACT OF THE INDIA-JAPAN COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT ON BILATERAL TRADE DYNAMICS: A STUDY OF EXPORTS, IMPORTS, AND FDI INFLOWS Authors: KUMAR, MOHIT; Pal, Aishani (SUPERVISOR) Abstract: Globalization has led to an era where international trade agreements are crucial in shaping economic landscapes. Among these agreements, the India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), signed in 2011, stands as a significant bilateral trade accord aimed at enhancing economic cooperation and fostering mutual growth. This thesis examines the impact of the India-Japan CEPA on bilateral trade dynamics, focusing on exports, imports, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows between the two countries. By employing a mixed-methods approach, this study combines quantitative analysis with qualitative insights to offer a comprehensive understanding of the CEPA's economic implications. The primary objective of this research is to assess how the CEPA has influenced trade flows between India and Japan over the past decade. This is achieved by analysing trade data from 1991 to 2020, sourced from reputable databases such as the World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) and the World Bank Open Data. The study focuses on key variables including exports from India to Japan, imports from Japan to India, trade balance, GDP, inflation rates, and exchange rates. Additionally, data on FDI inflows is obtained from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), providing a holistic view of economic interactions between the two nations. The research begins with a detailed descriptive analysis of the CEPA, outlining its provisions and intended objectives. This foundational understanding is crucial for contextualizing the subsequent data analysis. The descriptive analysis reveals significant shifts in trade patterns post-CEPA, highlighting the agreement's immediate and long-term effects on bilateral trade. Notably, the CEPA aimed to reduce tariffs, eliminate non-tariff barriers, and enhance market access across various sectors, thereby creating a conducive environment for increased trade and investment. To quantify the impact of CEPA, the study employs regression analysis, using exports and imports as dependent variables and incorporating independent variables such as GDP, inflation rates, exchange rates, and a dummy variable representing the post-CEPA period. The regression model is meticulously designed to isolate the effect of CEPA from other macroeconomic factors, ensuring a robust and accurate assessment of the agreement's impact. Diagnostic tests for multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and normality of residuals are conducted to validate the regression results, adding credibility to the findings. The regression analysis yields compelling insights into the CEPA's impact on trade flows. For exports, the model reveals that a unit increase in lagged exports results in a 0.1656 unit increase in logged exports, indicating a strong positive relationship. The post-CEPA variable, though marginally significant, suggests a negative effect on logged exports post-CEPA, highlighting potential challenges in realizing the agreement's full benefits. The analysis also shows that India's GDP positively influences exports, underscoring the importance of domestic economic growth in enhancing trade performance. Conversely, inflation rates in India and Japan do not exhibit significant impacts, suggesting that trade dynamics are influenced more by structural factors than by short-term economic fluctuations. vi The import model presents a slightly different picture. The coefficient for the post-CEPA variable is positive but not significant, indicating that the agreement has not had a substantial impact on imports from Japan. This finding suggests that while the CEPA has facilitated increased exports from India, it has not significantly altered the import landscape. The positive coefficients for the variable used for India’s GDP and the variables used for Japan’s GDP, both significant, underscore the role of economic growth in driving bilateral trade. The results highlight the complexity of trade dynamics and the need for continuous policy adjustments to maximize the benefits of trade agreements. The findings from both models underscore the nuanced impact of the CEPA on bilateral trade. While the agreement has positively influenced exports, the anticipated benefits in terms of imports remain elusive. These results prompt a deeper examination of the underlying factors, including non-tariff barriers, regulatory challenges, and sector-specific dynamics that may be inhibiting the full realization of CEPA's potential. The analysis also points to the importance of sustained economic growth and structural reforms in both countries to enhance trade performance. The implications of these findings are multifaceted. Economically, the CEPA has demonstrated the potential to enhance trade between India and Japan, albeit with varying degrees of success across different sectors. The agreement's positive impact on exports underscores the importance of market access and tariff reductions in driving trade growth. However, the lack of a significant impact on imports calls for a re-evaluation of non-tariff barriers and regulatory frameworks that may be hindering trade. Addressing these challenges is crucial for creating a more balanced and mutually beneficial trade relationship. Politically, the CEPA's implementation highlights the complex interplay between domestic and international factors in shaping trade policy. The agreement's formation and execution were influenced by the strategic interests and economic priorities of both countries, reflecting the broader geopolitical context. In conclusion, this thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the India-Japan CEPA, offering valuable insights into its economic impacts and policy implications. The findings underscore the significant, albeit nuanced, benefits of the agreement in enhancing trade flows and fostering economic collaboration. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of bilateral trade agreements, offering lessons for policymakers and stakeholders involved in designing and implementing FTAs. By highlighting the successes and challenges of the IndiaJapan CEPA, this research provides a foundation for future studies and policy initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable and inclusive economic growth through international trade. This thesis underscores the importance of rigorous empirical analysis in evaluating the impact of trade agreements. The mixed-methods approach employed in this study provides a robust framework for assessing the multifaceted effects of CEPA, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights. The findings highlight the critical role of economic growth, market access, and regulatory frameworks in shaping trade dynamics, offering practical recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of trade agreements. As globalization continues to evolve, this research underscores the need for adaptive and forward-looking trade policies that can navigate the complexities of international trade and promote shared prosperity.

2024-05-01T00:00:00Z KUMAR, SUMIT Malhotra, Deepali (SUPERVISOR) http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/22714 2026-05-07T06:12:08Z 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: PERCEPTION OF CUSTOMERS ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA Authors: KUMAR, SUMIT; Malhotra, Deepali (SUPERVISOR) Abstract: Electric vehicles are the mode of transportation of the future in India. To progressively introduce electric vehicles to the Indian market, the government is working to create laws. The goal of the government is to fully electrify India's transport system by 2030. The significant research project "Perception of Customers on Electric Vehicles in India" aims to provide insight into the current and future of the electric vehicle market in India in light of the aforementioned context. The projected sales for 2023, 2024, and 2025 are covered in this project, as well as the electric car sales in India in 2021 and 2022. In order to realize the nation's aim of clean mobility, it also sheds light on the rate at which India's market for electric vehicles is growing year after year. To find patterns in the upcoming sales of electric vehicles in India, we will gather data from both primary and secondary sources. We'll also look at the findings from a study of electric vehicle sales data and government programmes intended to encourage the manufacture and sale of electric vehicles in India. On the basis of these data, we will also make a few suggestions on how to increase the sales of electric vehicles in India.

2024-12-01T00:00:00Z