Theses and dissertations of students http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16861 2026-10-22T05:07:17Z 2026-10-22T05:07:17Z JAIN, PRACHI Malhotra, Priya (SUPERVISOR) Aggarwal, Nikunj (CO-SUPERVISOR) http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/23180 2026-10-13T09:52:55Z 2026-09-01T00:00:00Z

Title: IMPACT OF ESG ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL STUDY OF INDIAN LISTED COMPANIES Authors: JAIN, PRACHI; Malhotra, Priya (SUPERVISOR); Aggarwal, Nikunj (CO-SUPERVISOR) Abstract: In the evolving corporate governance landscape and sustainable business strategy, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks have emerged as critical instruments for firms to signal responsibility, enhance transparency, mitigate risks, and foster long-term value creation. ESG disclosures are increasingly viewed not merely as compliance tools but as strategic levers that shape firm behaviour, influence stakeholder relationships, and contribute to financial outcomes. Despite growing scholarly and practitioner interest, the existing literature on the ESG–corporate performance nexus remains fragmented, characterised by a lack of consensus on theoretical foundations, limited contextual diversity, and minimal integration of firm level financial policy variables, such as dividend behaviour. This doctoral thesis addresses these research gaps through a structured, multi-method investigation that spans bibliometric analysis, advanced panel econometrics, meta analytic synthesis, and logistic regression modelling. The central aim is to examine how ESG disclosures influence corporate performance, measured across accounting, market, and financial dimensions, as well as from the dividend policy perspective, and how these effects are moderated by contextual factors such as industry classification, national economic development, and firm-specific attributes. The thesis also highlights the underexplored relationship between ESG engagement and dividend policy, thereby contributing novel insights to the literature on sustainable finance and corporate financial strategy. The thesis is organised into seven interrelated chapters, beginning with the identification of gaps in the literature through a comprehensive bibliometric and thematic literature review guided by the TCCM (Theory–Context–Characteristics Methodology) framework. This hybrid review of previous studies identifies three dominant research streams: (1) ESG's influence on firm value and ownership dynamics; (2) stakeholder engagement, regulation, and ESG strategy; and (3) ESG as a risk management and innovation tool. The review highlights critical gaps, including an overreliance on a single theoretical perspective (e.g., stakeholder theory), the underrepresentation of emerging markets (especially India), and a narrow focus on v conventional performance outcomes, with insufficient attention to dividend-related metrics. To address these gaps, the second phase of the research empirically explores the ESG–corporate performance nexus within the Indian context. As a large and rapidly growing emerging economy with rising sustainability obligations and evolving ESG disclosure mandates (e.g., SEBI‘s BRSR framework), India offers a ground for such analysis. The empirical analysis utilises data on 605 distinct corporations listed on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) over the period 2015–2023. ESG data are obtained from Refinitiv Eikon, while financial and corporate data are sourced from CMIE Prowess. The sample comprises firms satisfying the predefined listing and data-availability criteria required for the analysis. Utilising the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), the study finds that ESG disclosure, both aggregated and disaggregated into E, S, and G dimensions, has a positive influence on corporate outcomes. Notably, the impact of environmental disclosures is stronger in higher performing quantiles. At the same time, the effects of social and governance dimensions vary, affirming the relevance of stakeholder and legitimacy theories in heterogeneous market settings. Extending this inquiry, the third empirical chapter incorporates industry-specific analysis by classifying 605 Indian-listed corporations observed over 2015–2023 into environmentally sensitive industries (SI) and non-sensitive industries (NSI) categories. The analysis is based on ESG information from Refinitiv Eikon and corporate financial data from CMIE Prowess, with the number of firm-year observations varying across years according to ESG data availability. Applying System-GMM estimation, the results reveal a divergent relationship between the two categories. While NSI firms benefit significantly from ESG disclosures, SI firms often encounter diminished or negative returns due to heightened compliance burdens and regulatory scrutiny. These findings challenge the validity of uniform ESG strategies and underscore the importance of sector-specific sustainability frameworks. The thesis then broadens its scope to the global context in the fourth empirical chapter, focusing on the cement industry, an archetype of environmentally intensive sectors facing urgent sustainability imperatives. Using an international sample of 70 publicly listed cement companies across 29 countries and 770 firm-year observations over the period 2013–2023, this chapter examines the moderating role of National Economic Development (NED) in the ESG–performance relationship. The initial dataset comprised 301 listed cement companies, from which firms with incomplete information were excluded based on the study's predefined data-availability criteria. vi ESG and financial information were obtained from Refinitiv Eikon, while country level GDP per capita was obtained primarily from the World Bank, with IMF data used where required. The analysis reveals that corporations in developed economies are better positioned to convert ESG engagement into superior financial outcomes due to stronger institutional support, regulatory infrastructure, and market maturity. Conversely, companies in developing economies face structural constraints that limit the strategic and economic benefits of ESG adoption. These results reinforce the Institutional Difference Hypothesis (IDH) and emphasize the contextual sensitivity of ESG–performance linkages. While prior chapters of this thesis establish the relevance of ESG disclosures in shaping accounting-based, financial, and market performance outcomes, profitability alone does not fully capture how sustainability strategies translate into shareholder value. ESG initiatives often require substantial long-term investments, potentially altering firms‘ internal cash allocation decisions and creating trade-offs between reinvesting in sustainability and distributing earnings to shareholders. Dividend policy, therefore, emerges as a critical financial channel through which the economic consequences of ESG engagement can be assessed. As dividends remain a primary consideration for shareholders, integrating ESG into dividend decisions provides deeper insight into how firms balance stakeholder-oriented sustainability objectives with shareholder wealth maximisation. Recognising this linkage, the thesis extends the ESG-performance discourse by examining dividend policy as a complementary and policy-relevant outcome of ESG disclosure. Hence, the next chapter employs a meta-analytic approach to consolidate empirical evidence on the relationship between ESG disclosures and dividend policy, a relatively underexplored area in sustainability research. Synthesising previous peer reviewed studies, the analysis finds a statistically significant positive relationship between ESG and dividend payouts. Among the ESG pillars, governance disclosures have the greatest influence. Subgroup analyses reveal that firm size, profitability, and national economic development account for the observed heterogeneity in the literature. These findings empirically validate agency and signalling theories in the ESG–dividend domain, suggesting that transparent ESG practices enhance investor trust and shape dividend distribution policies. In the sixth empirical chapter, we focus on the global hospitality sector, a service oriented industry where sustainability and financial outcomes are closely interlinked. Using ESG and financial data for publicly listed hospitality firms across countries, the study covers the period 2004–2023. Firms were identified using the relevant North vii American Industry Classification System (NAICS) categories, following Hwang et al. (2024). The initial dataset comprised 1,401 corporations, which was reduced to 918 unique firms after applying the required ESG and financial data-availability criteria. Using logistic panel regression, the study investigates how ESG performance affects both the likelihood and stability of dividend payments. While higher ESG performance increases the probability of dividend issuance, it is negatively associated with dividend stability, indicating that firms engaged in sustainability initiatives may prioritise reinvestment over consistent shareholder payouts. This duality supports the pecking order theory and further illustrates the trade-offs between short-term financial policy and long-term sustainability goals in capital-intensive industries. The findings of this thesis carry significant implications for theory, practice, and policy. Theoretically, the research advances ESG literature by integrating diverse frameworks, including stakeholder theory, agency theory, signalling theory, pecking order theory, and institutional theory, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the ESG-performance nexus. By contextualising ESG impacts within emerging markets, such as India, and across environmentally sensitive and non-sensitive sectors, the study challenges the ―one-size-fits-all‖ paradigm. It underscores the role of national economic development and institutional maturity in moderating ESG outcomes. Practically, the findings provide actionable insights for corporate managers, investors, civil society, and regulators, underscoring the need to align ESG investments with sector-specific risk exposures, strategic priorities, and diverse stakeholder expectations. For managers, the results highlight ESG as a value enhancing strategic tool rather than a compliance obligation. For investors and civil society, ESG disclosures emerge as credible signals of transparency, governance quality, and long-term accountability. For policymakers and regulators, the thesis highlights the importance of developing nuanced, sector-specific, and context-aware ESG disclosure frameworks that enhance data comparability, reduce information asymmetry, and improve the real economic effectiveness of sustainability reporting across industries and institutional settings. Despite these contributions, several avenues remain open for future inquiry. Limitations related to data quality, ESG score standardization, and sectoral coverage suggest the need for more granular, text-based, or qualitative approaches to ESG assessment. Expanding the research to include additional sectors (e.g., healthcare, technology, retail) and broader geographic regions, particularly in underrepresented emerging and frontier economies, can offer richer cross-national comparisons. Future research can benefit from expanding sectoral and geographic scope, applying advanced causal inference techniques, and incorporating qualitative or text-based viii ESG metrics. Greater attention to underexplored financial outcomes, such as innovation efficiency, capital allocation, and risk management, can further enrich the field. A more interdisciplinary and context-sensitive research agenda will be crucial to capturing the evolving role of ESG in corporate strategy and sustainable value creation. A greater emphasis on interdisciplinary and behavioral perspectives will also enhance our understanding of managerial decision-making and investor responses to ESG, helping shape more resilient and sustainable business models in the future. This thesis makes a comprehensive and methodologically rigorous contribution to the ESG field by integrating bibliometric, panel-based, meta-analytic, and industry specific approaches. It captures the diversity of ESG outcomes across various contexts, from India to the global, and from sectoral to firm-level, encompassing performance to dividend policy, thus offering a holistic lens through which scholars, practitioners, and policymakers can better understand the evolving dynamics of corporate sustainability.

2026-09-01T00:00:00Z VIJAY, SHILPI GUPTA MOOKERJEE, AMIT (SUPERVISOR) http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/23165 2026-10-08T04:54:54Z 2026-09-01T00:00:00Z

Title: ROLE OF PERSONALITY IN INTENTION TO ADOPT SOCIAL MEDIA: A STUDY OF ENTREPRENEURS Authors: VIJAY, SHILPI GUPTA; MOOKERJEE, AMIT (SUPERVISOR) Abstract: The growing reliance on social media as a strategic tool for entrepreneurial ventures has intensified academic interest in understanding the determinants of its adoption. However, existing research on social media adoption has largely relied on technology-centric or performance-oriented models and has tended to treat personality traits and entrepreneurial traits as separate explanatory constructs, often assuming direct effects on adoption behaviour. Moreover, limited attention has been given to the cognitive mechanisms through which individual traits influence adoption decisions, particularly in entrepreneurial and SME contexts. Addressing these theoretical and methodological gaps, the present study investigates the role of personality and entrepreneurial traits in shaping entrepreneurs‟ intention to adopt social media, with Perceived Innovation Characteristics of Social Media (PICSM) conceptualised as a key mediating mechanism. The study adopts a sequential mixed-methods research design, integrating an exploratory qualitative phase with an explanatory quantitative phase. The qualitative phase employed in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs to explore their lived experiences, identify salient personality and entrepreneurial traits, and understand how social media is perceived as an innovation. Importantly, this phase led to the identification of consistency as a distinct entrepreneurial capability, emerging beyond traditional personality frameworks, while neuroticism did not emerge as a salient or explanatory trait in the entrepreneurial context. Insights from the qualitative findings informed the development of an integrated conceptual framework and the contextual scale development of entrepreneurial traits and PICSM. The quantitative phase utilised survey data from 702 entrepreneurs and applied Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to validate the measurement scales and test the hypothesised relationships. Mediation analysis was conducted, followed by post hoc analyses including Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA), Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), and Combined IPMA (cIPMA) to identify high-impact and necessary traits. The findings reveal that while personality traits provide a psychological foundation, entrepreneurial traits exert a more immediate and practically significant influence on social media adoption intentions. Crucially, the results demonstrate that the influence of both personality and entrepreneurial traits on adoption operates primarily through PICSM, establishing it as a central mediating construct. Trait-level mediation results indicate that innovativeness, creativity, openness, resilience, agreeableness, extraversion, risk-taking, self-efficacy, and the newly identified trait of consistency significantly influence social media adoption intentions through PICSM. Post hoc analyses further show that social media adoption among entrepreneurs is a staged psychological process, vi wherein certain traits-particularly consistency and innovativeness-function as critical and necessary conditions at higher levels of adoption. The study makes several important contributions. Theoretically, it advances entrepreneurship and digital adoption literature by integrating personality and entrepreneurial traits into a single, context-sensitive framework, thereby refining trait based explanations of entrepreneurial behaviour and supporting arguments that traditional personality models should be complemented by capability-driven and behavioural consistency perspectives. It also extends Diffusion of Innovation Theory by empirically demonstrating that perceived innovation characteristics are shaped by individual traits, elevating PICSM as a key linkage between personality, entrepreneurial capabilities, and adoption intention. Methodologically, the study contributes by developing and validating contextually grounded measurement scales, including consistency as a novel entrepreneurial trait, suitable for entrepreneurship research in emerging-economy contexts. Practically, the findings offer actionable insights for entrepreneurs, educators, policymakers, and platform designers. The results indicate that successful social media adoption is not primarily dependent on inherent personality dispositions, but rather on developable entrepreneurial capabilities, particularly innovativeness, creativity, resilience, self-efficacy, and consistency. Entrepreneurship educators and incubators are therefore encouraged to shift training programs from personality-based interventions toward capability-building, behavioural discipline, and innovation-oriented skill development. Policymakers aiming to promote SME digitalisation can leverage these insights to design interventions that reduce perceived complexity and enhance compatibility and usefulness perceptions. Finally, social media platform designers can utilise these findings to create features, onboarding processes, and support services that align more closely with entrepreneurs‟ innovation perceptions and behavioural routines, thereby facilitating broader and more inclusive adoption.

2026-09-01T00:00:00Z SINGH, PUSHPENDRA Mookerjee, Amit (SUPERVISOR) http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/23101 2026-09-16T04:40:21Z 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z

Title: BARRIERS TO ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AND BEHAVIOUR: A THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR APPROACH Authors: SINGH, PUSHPENDRA; Mookerjee, Amit (SUPERVISOR) Abstract: Barriers to Entrepreneurial Intention and Behavior" delves into the various obstacles that people experience when they decide to pursue their business dreams. A growing emphasis has been placed in recent years on entrepreneurship as a catalyst for innovation and economic progress. Even with this understanding, a lot of prospective business owners encounter major obstacles that prevent their goals and actions. The abstract explores the multiple facets of these obstacles, including institutional, social, psychological, and economic aspects. Psychological issues like risk aversion, fear of failure, and low self-esteem might hinder people's efforts to pursue their entrepreneurial goals. Interventions focusing on resilience and mentality are necessary to break through these internal obstacles and create a culture that values taking risks and learning from mistakes. Social issues are also important since, particularly in some groups or areas, cultural norms and societal expectations may inhibit entrepreneurship. To comprehend and lessen these societal hurdles, it is important to engage the community, educate people, and highlight successful entrepreneurs as role models. Financial limitations provide significant obstacles, especially for those with restricted financial resources. A lack of funding, credit, or financial knowledge may discourage would be business owners. Financial institutions and policymakers need to work together to create inclusive financial ecosystems that meet the requirements of a variety of entrepreneurs. Institutional obstacles also present major challenges, such as complicated regulatory frameworks and bureaucratic red tape. An environment that is more favorable to entrepreneurial activity can be produced by streamlining administrative procedures, lowering regulatory burdens, and improving the ease of doing business. These barriers interact to form a complex web that necessitates a comprehensive strategy. Empirical evidence suggests that a thorough comprehension of these obstacles is crucial for formulating efficacious policies and initiatives that promote entrepreneurship. Gender bias, restricted access to networks, and difficulties juggling work and personal obligations are 3 among the difficulties faced by female entrepreneurs, so it is especially important to address barriers connected to gender. It will take focused efforts to advance equal opportunities and build an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem to remove these gender-specific impediments. Technological developments have an impact on entrepreneurial activity as well, bringing with them both opportunities and difficulties. Although e-commerce and digital platforms have increased the reach of entrepreneurs, the quick speed of technological development necessitates digital literacy and adaptation. By bridging the digital divide and offering pertinent training, we can enable business owners to leverage technology for expansion. In addition, the COVID-19 epidemic has brought attention to how susceptible companies are to outside shocks, highlighting the necessity of resilience and adaptable tactics in the face of unforeseen difficulties. The various obstacles to entrepreneurship include a variety of economic, social, and institutional issues that prevent people from engaging in entrepreneurial pursuits. Potential entrepreneurs are frequently discouraged from implementing their ideas due to economic constraints, such as restricted access to finance and financial resources. In addition, regulatory restrictions and complicated legal frameworks can limit innovation and raise entry barriers. Social issues, such as cultural norms and aversion to risk, can deter people from starting their businesses. A lack of proper entrepreneurial education and training may also hinder the development of necessary skills and knowledge. These barriers significantly impede the growth of a vibrant entrepreneurial environment and limit regional economic development and innovation. It is essential to address these issues if you want to provide ambitious business owners with the tools they need to succeed, advance the economy, and create jobs. The significance of a multi-stakeholder strategy in addressing obstacles to entrepreneurial intention and activity is emphasized in the abstract. Governments, academic institutions, non governmental organizations, and the commercial sector must work together to establish an ecosystem that helps would-be business owners. In addition to imparting entrepreneurial skills, educational institutions must cultivate an entrepreneurial attitude and a culture that values creativity and taking calculated risks. The study concludes by highlighting the complex interplay of psychological, social, institutional, economic, and technological constraints on entrepreneurial intention and conduct. It takes a coordinated effort from several stakeholders and a sophisticated understanding of the issues at hand to design effective methods to overcome these hurdles. Societies can unleash entrepreneurship's full potential and promote innovation-driven economic growth by tearing down these obstacles.

2024-07-01T00:00:00Z SINGH, PRAGATI MOOKERJEE, Amit (SUPERVISOR) LATHER, ANU SINGH (CO-SUPERVISOR) http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/23100 2026-09-16T04:35:32Z 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z

Title: SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Authors: SINGH, PRAGATI; MOOKERJEE, Amit (SUPERVISOR); LATHER, ANU SINGH (CO-SUPERVISOR) Abstract: Entrepreneurship has been regarded as a significant driver of economic growth (Koster & Rai, 2008). As a service-based economy, India expediates small-scale firms' growth (Koster & Rai, 2008). The development of entrepreneurship in India can be attributed to factors such as the rise in government support initiatives, the emergence of incubators, and venture capital. Indian culture has always placed a strong emphasis on jewellery. Jewellery is a unique product category largely impacted by a combination of cultural, societal, and personal factors owing to its precise craftsmanship and emotional significance (Rajili et al., 2015). Jewellery is a popular form of self-expression and is often seen as a symbol of a woman's status. The jewellery industry is known for its exceptional artistry, craftsmanship, and sentimental value. Jewellery designer entrepreneurs contribute to the creative economy by participating in economic growth (Brandão et al., 2021). Lately, there has been a significant transformation in the jewellery design industry as digital marketing has been considerably shaping consumer behaviour (Armano, 2020; Chuangemanee & Punnakitikashem, 2016). The online jewellery sector has experienced significant growth due to the increasing number of internet users, heightened user awareness, and the attractive costs of online jewellery. Social media has changed the meaning of traditional marketing and provides numerous opportunities to new ventures. This revolutionary change brought by social media platforms has made doing business easier. Furthermore, social media has largely influenced consumer choices and buying patterns (Nagvanshi et al., 2023). The present study explores the perspectives of consumers and entrepreneurs in the jewellery sector. In the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the motivation and challenges entrepreneurs face in pursuing the jewellery designing profession, the difficulties encountered in marketing and selling their jewellery, and strategies used to overcome these challenges and barriers. Secondly, this research explores the factors affecting consumers' attitudes and purchase intention towards 3 social media jewellery selection and purchase. For this, quantitative methodology was employed to test the research model. The scope is restricted to Indian entrepreneurs who are in the business of jewellery designing and selling. A three-step research strategy was followed in the present study. In the first stage, an exploratory research design was adopted wherein a bibliometric review and narrative literature review were conducted to identify the current state of literature, trends, themes, and the research gap. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using Biblioshiny and VOS viewer software. A qualitative approach was utilized in the second stage of exploratory research design. In-depth interviews with 15 jewellery entrepreneurs were taken to identify their motivation, challenges, difficulties, and strategies used in this business. The manual coding of interview transcripts was done using NVivo 14 software. Further, an image analysis of twenty jewellery designs was also conducted by experts. It involved in-depth analysis of jewellery image on five factors, marketing recommendations, and a few social media posts suggestive in nature. In the third stage, a descriptive research design was adopted, and a quantitative approach was used. For the descriptive study, a self-administered questionnaire was designed. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, two filter questions, basic details of usage, and thirty-two main statements on a 5-point Likert scale to test the hypotheses. The research model consisted of six constructs i.e., Perceived usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, Complexity, Attitude, and Purchase Intention based on a modification and extension of the factors of the TAM exploring the overall effect of several factors on the attitude toward the adoption of social media for jewellery selection, and ultimately on the purchase intention. The model was analyzed using PLS-SEM in SMART PLS 3 software. The descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA were performed using IBM SPSS software. In the qualitative study, it was found that entrepreneurs are motivated and inspired by their childhood experiences, passion for art, formal education in jewellery designing, family influence, and catalog exposure. The challenges or barriers faced by entrepreneurs as jewellery designers were trust issues, regional differences, ethical sourcing, adoption of technology, and intensive competition. They also face difficulty 4 in marketing or selling their jewellery due to several reasons such as limited customer reach, difficulty in building brand identity, adapting to changing trends, competitive pricing, low foot traffic, changing preferences of consumers, high overhead cost, and inventory management. When asked about the strategies they use or they think could overcome difficulties in marketing or selling jewellery, it was found that entrepreneurs suggest that leveraging social media could solve these issues. Other strategies include higher consumer engagement, creating relevant content, being transparent and having a consumer-friendly return policy, and creating specialized platforms for promotions such as own website or own Instagram broadcast channel. The results of the quantitative study state that Perceived usefullnessfulness and Perceived Ease of Use of social media positively impact the attitude toward social media jewellery selection. It was further found that compatibility positively impacts the attitude towards social media jewellery selection and purchase. While, Complexity was found to have a negative impact on attitude towards social media jewellery selection and purchase. Further, attitude towards social media jewellery selection and purchase was found to positively impact the purchase intention towards social media jewellery purchase. Lastly, attitude towards social media jewellery selection and purchase was found to partially mediate the relationship between Perceived usefullness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, Complexity, and purchase intention towards social media jewellery purchase. The high degree of Perceived usefullness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, and low Complexity which were found to be significant factors in social media adoption, must be leveraged by entrepreneurs. This will create a positive attitude towards social media usage for online jewellery shopping and enhance consumers purchase intentions towards online jewellery. Since there seems evidence that digital strategies affect many aspects of online purchase of jewellery by consumers both positively and negatively, entrepreneurs who want to scale their businesses should use social media, while judiciously looking at how various factors can affect consumer purchase intention. Jewellery entrepreneurs need to understand the changing dynamics of consumer behavior to remain competitive. They should satisfy the customer preferences and demands and 5 create relevant content for their target audience. Through social media marketing, entrepreneurs can interact with their audience meaningfully, increase business income, and adapt to the constantly changing market environment, ensuring ongoing growth and relevance in modern times. The present study offers insights into how to effectively utilize social media for improving attitude and purchase intentions of consumer towards jewellery selection. Entrepreneurs can get knowledge about the factors that play a role in improving consumers attitude and purchase intention towards online jewellery shopping. They can accordingly modify their strategies to satisfy consumers‘ changing demands and preferences (Agus et al., 2021). This study offers several theoretical and practical implications for entrepreneurs.

2024-08-01T00:00:00Z